CISPR 16-1-4:2019 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications for antennas and test sites are included. NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment. Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, further information on radio disturbance is given in Part 3, and uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of CISPR 16. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010, Amendment 1:2012 and Amendment 2:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: \u2022 provisions are added to address test site validation in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1000 MHz using the reference site method, to take into account the receive antenna radiation pattern in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz, and further details on test site validation using the NSA method with broadband antennas in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. Keywords: radiated disturbances, frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 3.2 Abbreviated terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance 4.1 General 4.2 Physical parameter (measurand) for radiated disturbance measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 4.3 Antennas for the frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz 4.3.1 General 4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna 4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna 4.4 Antennas for the frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz 4.4.1 Electric field antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 4.4.2 Magnetic field antenna 4.4.3 Balance and electric field discrimination of antennas 4.5 Antennas for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz 4.5.1 General 4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance to the electric disturbance field strength limit 4.5.3 Antenna characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | Figure 1 \u2013 Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via ground reflection at a 3 m site, showing the beamwidth half-angle, (, at the reflected ray <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 4.5.4 Balance of antenna Figures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 4.6 Antennas for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz 4.6.1 General 4.6.2 Receive antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2013 RX antenna E-plane radiation pattern example, with limit area shaded for 3 m distance and 2 m EUT width Figure 3 \u2013 Determination of maximum useable EUT width using half-power beamwidth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 4.7 Special antenna arrangements \u2013 large-loop antenna system 5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz Figure 4 \u2013 Determination of maximum useable EUT height using half-power beamwidth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 6 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz 6.1 General 6.2 OATS 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Weather-protection enclosure 6.2.3 Obstruction-free area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 6.2.4 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site Figure 5 \u2013 Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable Figure 6 \u2013 Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 6.2.5 Ground plane 6.3 Suitability of other test sites 6.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites 6.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 6.4 Test site validations 6.4.1 General Tables Table 1 \u2013 Site validation methods applicablefor OATS, OATS-based, SAC, and FAR site types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 6.4.2 Overview of test site validations 6.5 Basic parameters of the NSA method for OATS and SAC 6.5.1 General equation and table of theoretical NSA values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2013 Theoretical normalized site attenuation, AN \u2013 recommended geometries for broadband antennasa (1 of 2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | 6.5.2 Antenna calibration 6.6 Reference site method for OATS and SAC 6.6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 6.6.2 Antennas not permitted for RSM measurements 6.6.3 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation on a REFTS Table 3 \u2013 Example template for AAPR data sets Table 4 \u2013 RSM frequency steps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 6.6.4 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation using an averaging technique on a large OATS Figure 7 \u2013 Test point locations for 3 m and 10 m test distances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Paired test point locations for all test distances Figure 9 \u2013 Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 6.7 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method 6.7.1 Discrete frequency method Figure 10 \u2013 Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on AAPR <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | 6.7.2 Swept frequency method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 6.8 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | Figure 11 \u2013 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC \u2013 vertical polarization validation measurements Figure 12 \u2013 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC \u2013 horizontal polarization validation measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | 6.9 Possible causes for exceeding site acceptability limits Figure 13 \u2013 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC \u2013 vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT Figure 14 \u2013 Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC \u2013 horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | 6.10 Site validation for FARs 6.10.1 General Table 5 \u2013 Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | Figure 15 \u2013 Measurement positions for FAR site validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | 6.10.2 RSM for FAR sites Figure 16 \u2013 Example of one measurement position and antenna tiltfor FAR site validation Table 6 \u2013 Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | 6.10.3 NSA method for FAR sites Figure 17 \u2013 Typical quasi free-space test site reference SA measurement set-up <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 6.10.4 Site validation criteria for FAR sites 6.11 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower 6.11.1 General Figure 18 \u2013 Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different measurement distances [see Equation (16)] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 6.11.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | 7 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz 7.1 General Figure 19 \u2013 Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table (top view) Figure 20 \u2013 Antenna position abovethe set-up table (side view) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | 7.2 Reference test site 7.3 Test site validation 7.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation 7.4 Antenna requirements for SVSWR standard test procedure 7.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | 7.4.2 Transmit antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | Figure 21 \u2013 Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example(this example is for informative purposes only) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | 7.4.3 Antennas and test equipment for the SVSWR reciprocal test procedure Figure 22 \u2013 Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern(this example is for informative purposes only) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | 7.5 Required positions for site validation testing 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 Descriptions of SVSWR measurement positions in a horizontal plane (Figure 23) Figure 23 \u2013 SVSWR measurement positions in a horizontal plane(see 7.5.2 for description) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | 7.5.3 Descriptions of SVSWR additional measurement positions (Figure 24) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | 7.5.4 Summary of SVSWR measurement positions Figure 24 \u2013 SVSWR positions (height requirements) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | Table 7 \u2013 SVSWR measurement position designations (1 of 3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 72<\/td>\n | 7.6 SVSWR site validation \u2013 standard test procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 73<\/td>\n | 7.7 SVSWR site validation \u2013 reciprocal test procedure using an isotropic field probe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | 7.8 SVSWR conditional measurement position requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 75<\/td>\n | 7.9 SVSWR site validation test report 7.10 Limitations of the SVSWR site validation method Figure 25 \u2013 SVSWR conditional measurement position requirements Table 8 \u2013 SVSWR reporting requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 76<\/td>\n | 7.11 Alternative test sites 8 Common mode absorption devices 8.1 General 8.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements 8.3 CMAD test jig <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 77<\/td>\n | 8.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration Figure 26 \u2013 Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | 8.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD Figure 27 \u2013 The four configurations for the TRL calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | 8.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and tracking generator Figure 28 \u2013 Limits for the magnitude of S11, measured according to the provisions of 8.1 to 8.3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 81<\/td>\n | Figure 29 \u2013 Example of a 50 \u03a9 adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig Figure 30 \u2013 Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | 9 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement 9.1 General 9.2 Chamber 9.2.1 Chamber size and shape 9.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets Figure 31 \u2013 Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 83<\/td>\n | 9.2.3 Stirrers 9.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers Figure 32 \u2013 Example of a typical paddle stirrer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | 9.2.5 Coupling attenuation Figure 33 \u2013 Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber using the stirrer shown in Figure 32 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 85<\/td>\n | 10 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 86<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas A.1 General A.2 Preferred antennas A.2.1 General A.2.2 Calculable antenna A.2.3 Low-uncertainty antennas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | A.3 Simple dipole antennas A.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | A.3.2 Tuned dipole A.3.3 Shortened dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 89<\/td>\n | A.4 Broadband antenna parameters A.4.1 General Figure A.1 \u2013 Short dipole antenna factors for RL = 50 \u03a9 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 90<\/td>\n | A.4.2 Antenna type A.4.3 Specification of the antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 91<\/td>\n | A.4.4 Antenna calibration A.4.5 Antenna user information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 92<\/td>\n | Annex B (XXX) (Void) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | Annex C (normative) Large-loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz C.1 General C.2 Construction of an LLAS C.3 Construction of a large-loop antenna (LLA) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 95<\/td>\n | Figure C.1 \u2013 The LLAS, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-loop antennas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 96<\/td>\n | Figure C.2 \u2013 An LLA containing two opposite slits, positioned symmetrically with respect to the current probe C Figure C.3 \u2013 Construction of an LLA slit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 97<\/td>\n | Figure C.4 \u2013 Example of an LLA slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board to obtain a rigid construction Figure C.5 \u2013 Construction of the metal box containing the current probe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 98<\/td>\n | C.4 Validation of an LLA Figure C.6 \u2013 Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to minimize capacitive coupling from the leads to the LLAS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 99<\/td>\n | C.5 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna Figure C.7 \u2013 The eight positions of the LLAS verification dipole during validation of an LLA Figure C.8 \u2013 Validation factor for an LLA of 2 m diameter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | C.6 Conversion factors Figure C.9 \u2013 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 102<\/td>\n | Figure C.10 \u2013 Conversion factors CdA [for conversion into dB(\u03bcA\/m)] and CdV for conversion into dB(\u03bcV\/m)] for two standard measuring distances d Figure C.11 \u2013 Sensitivity SD of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative toa large-loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 103<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites inthe frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 6) D.1 General D.2 Ground plane construction D.2.1 Material D.2.2 Roughness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 104<\/td>\n | D.3 Services to EUT D.4 Weather-protection enclosure construction D.4.1 Materials and fasteners Figure D.1 \u2013 The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane Table D.1 \u2013 Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 105<\/td>\n | D.4.2 Internal arrangements D.4.3 Size D.4.4 Uniformity with time and weather D.5 Turntable and set-up table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 106<\/td>\n | D.6 Receive antenna mast installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 107<\/td>\n | Annex E (xxx) (Void) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 108<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Basis for \u00b1 4 dB site acceptability criterion F.1 General F.2 Error analysis Table F.1 \u2013 Error budget <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 110<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair (see 6.6) G.1 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the averaging technique Table G.1 \u2013 Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the large-OATS averaging technique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 111<\/td>\n | G.2 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using a REFTS Table G.2 \u2013 Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 112<\/td>\n | G.3 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation Table G.3 \u2013 COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 113<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus. Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance. measurements<\/b><\/p>\n |