This part of IEC 60479 summarizes the basic parameters for lightning and its variability insofar as they apply to human beings and livestock.<\/p>\n
The possible direct and indirect interactions of strikes with bodies of living beings are indicated.<\/p>\n
The resulting effects caused by lightning currents for the organism are described.<\/p>\n
This document shows the differences of effects on human beings and livestock due to lightning strokes versus those effects of electric shocks derived from electrical systems.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 Definitions of technical terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 3.2 Definitions of interactions 4 Basic physics of lightning 4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Categorization of lightning types [4] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4.2 Lightning occurrence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4.3 Lightning flash characteristics 4.4 Primary and secondary injuries Figure 2 \u2013 High resolution full climatology (HRFC) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4.5 Summary 5 Interaction of strokes with human beings and livestock 5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 5.2 Strike mechanisms 5.2.1 Description of direct strike Figure 3 \u2013 Direct strike <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Description of contact voltage Figure 4 \u2013 Direct strike with no flashover and then with flashover Figure 5 \u2013 Contact potential <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5.2.3 Description of side flash 5.2.4 Description of step voltage Figure 6 \u2013 Side flash <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 5.2.4 Description of streamer current Figure 7 \u2013 Earth potential versus distance from the stroke base \u201310 kA stroke, with earth resistivity 100 \u03a9m <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Examples of step voltages, assuming a uniform earthof constant resistivity, and no surface flashover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.3 Specific matters regarding body response Figure 9 \u2013 Upward streamer Figure 10 \u2013 Current in establishment and in collapse of upward streamer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 6 Effects of lightning strokes on the body of living beings 6.1 General comments on effects on the body <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Tables Table 1 \u2013 Lightning injury and physical symptoms [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [17] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 6.2 Comments on specific syndromes 6.2.1 Keraunoparalysis 6.2.2 Burns <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 6.2.3 Comparison between effects of electric shock derived from electrical systems and lightning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2013 Comparison of electrical and lightning injury [30], [34], [35], [40] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 7 Present considerations of causation 7.1 Under investigation 7.2 Electrical effects 7.3 Thermal, field and radiation effects 7.4 Traumatic injury <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 7.5 Barotrauma 7.6 Release of hormones 8 Individual and crowd safety procedures 8.1 General \u2013 “No place outdoors is safe” 8.2 Individual actions 8.3 Basic principles 8.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 8.3.2 Individual lightning safety in the outdoors (NOAA recommendations) 8.3.3 Safe practice indoors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 8.4 Safety procedures for crowds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Effects of lightning strokes<\/b><\/p>\n |