{"id":255506,"date":"2024-10-19T16:53:27","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iec-60255-1812019\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T12:21:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T12:21:20","slug":"bs-en-iec-60255-1812019","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iec-60255-1812019\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN IEC 60255-181:2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

This part of IEC 60255 specifies the minimum requirements for functional and performance evaluation of frequency protection. This document also defines how to document and publish performance test results.<\/p>\n

This document covers the functions based on frequency measurement or rate of change of frequency measurements. This document also covers frequency protection where additional blocking elements are used.<\/p>\n

This document defines the influencing factors that affect the accuracy under steady state conditions and performance characteristics during dynamic conditions. The test methodologies for verifying performance characteristics and accuracy are also included in this document.<\/p>\n

The frequency functions covered by this document are shown in Table 1:<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nEnglish
CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n1 Scope
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Frequency protection designation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Operate time and operate time delay setting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4 Specification of the function
4.1 General
4.2 Input energizing quantities \/ energizing quantities
Figure 2 \u2013 Simplified protection function block diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.3 Binary input signals
4.4 Functional logic
4.4.1 Operating characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nFigure 3 \u2013 Underfrequency independent time characteristic <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFigure 4 \u2013 Overfrequency independent time characteristic
Figure 5 \u2013 ROCOF independent time characteristic (for negative or positive ROCOF) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.4.2 Reset characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4.5 Additional influencing functions\/conditions
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Specific characteristics for under\/over frequency function
Figure 6 \u2013 Explanatory diagram for start, operate, disengage and reset <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n4.5.3 Specific characteristics for rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) function
4.6 Binary output signals
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Start (pick-up) signal
4.6.3 Operate (trip) signal
4.6.4 Other binary output signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5 Performance specification
5.1 General
5.2 Effective and operating ranges
Table 2 \u2013 Example of effective and operating ranges for over\/under frequency protection
Table 3 \u2013 Example of effective and operating ranges for ROCOF protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.3 Accuracy related to the characteristic quantity
5.4 Start time for under\/over frequency function
5.5 Start time for rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.6 Accuracy related to the operate time delay setting
5.7 Disengaging time
5.8 Reset hysteresis and reset ratio <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n5.9 Accuracy related to restraint\/blocking elements
5.10 Performance with harmonics
5.11 Stability in case of sudden voltage change (phase shift and magnitude shift)
5.12 Voltage input requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n6 Functional test methodology
6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n6.2 Determination of steady state errors related to the characteristic quantity
6.2.1 Accuracy of the start value
Figure 7 \u2013 Example of test method for overfrequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nTable 4 \u2013 Test points for under\/over frequency function
Table 5 \u2013 Reporting of the frequency accuracy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Example of test method for positive ROCOF function
Table 6 \u2013 Reporting of the frequency accuracy (alternative solution) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nTable 7 \u2013 Test points for ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.2.2 Reset hysteresis or reset ratio determination
Table 8 \u2013 Reporting of ROCOF accuracy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nFigure 9 \u2013 Frequency ramps for assessing the reset hysteresisfor overfrequency functions
Figure 10 \u2013 Frequency ramps for assessing the reset hysteresisfor underfrequency functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nTable 9 \u2013 Test points of reset hysteresis for under\/over frequency function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nTable 10 \u2013 Reporting of the reset hysteresis for over\/under frequency functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nFigure 11 \u2013 Test method for measurement of reset valuefor ROCOF functions: example for positive ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nTable 11 \u2013 Test points of reset value for ROCOF function
Table 12 \u2013 Reporting of the reset value for ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n6.3 Determination of the start time
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Under\/over frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure 12 \u2013 Start time measurement of overfrequency with sudden frequency change <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 13 \u2013 Start time measurement of overfrequency with constant slope frequency ramp <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nTable 13 \u2013 Test points of start time for overfrequency function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nTable 14 \u2013 Test points of start time for underfrequency function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nTable 15 \u2013 Reporting of start time for under\/over frequency functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n6.3.3 Rate of change of frequency
Figure 14 \u2013 Example of start time reporting for under\/over frequency protection function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nFigure 15 \u2013 Start time measurement of positive ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nTable 16 \u2013 Test points of start time for ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n6.4 Determination of the accuracy of the operate time delay
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Description of test method
Figure 16 \u2013 Histogram for the start time test results for ROCOF
Table 17 \u2013 Reporting of typical start time for ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure 17 \u2013 Operate time delay measurement of overfrequency and positive ROCOF <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n6.4.3 Reporting of the operate time delay accuracy
Table 18 \u2013 Test points to measure operate time delay
Table 19 \u2013 Test points for accuracy of the operate time delay <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n6.5 Determination of disengaging time
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Under\/over frequency
Table 20 \u2013 Reporting of operate time delay accuracy for under\/over frequency functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nFigure 18 \u2013 Disengaging time measurement of overfrequencywith sudden frequency change
Figure 19 \u2013 Disengaging time measurement of overfrequency with constant slope frequency ramp <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nTable 21 \u2013 Test points of disengaging time for overfrequency function
Table 22 \u2013 Test points of disengaging time for underfrequency function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n6.5.3 Rate of change of frequency
Figure 20 \u2013 Disengaging time measurement of ROCOF
Table 23 \u2013 Reporting of disengaging time for over\/under frequency functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nTable 24 \u2013 Test points of disengaging time for ROCOF function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n6.6 Performance with harmonics
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Accuracy of the under\/over frequency start value in the presence of harmonics
Figure 21 \u2013 Histogram for the disengaging time test results for ROCOF
Table 25 \u2013 Typical disengaging time for ROCOF protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nFigure 22 \u2013 Example of an increasing pseudo-continuous ramp for overfrequency functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nTable 26 \u2013 Superimposed harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nFigure 23 \u2013 Voltage signal with superimposed harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n6.6.3 Accuracy of the ROCOF start value in the presence of harmonics
Table 27 \u2013 Test points for under\/over frequency function in the presence of harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nTable 28 \u2013 Test points for ROCOF function in the presence of harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n6.7 Stability in the case of sudden voltage change (phase shift and magnitude change)
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Performance in case of voltage phase shift and magnitude change <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nFigure 24 \u2013 Representation of the input energizing quantity (voltage, RMS) injection sequence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n6.7.3 Performance in case of voltage magnitude drop and restoration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nFigure 25 \u2013 Representation of the input energizing quantity (voltage, RMS) injection sequence with the power system frequency values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n7 Documentation requirements
7.1 Type test report
Table 29 \u2013 Under\/over frequency settings for stability testswith voltage drop\/restoration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n7.2 Other user documentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nAnnex A (normative)Test signal equation with constant frequency variation (df\/dt) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nAnnex B (normative)Calculation of mean, median and mode
B.1 Mean
B.2 Median
B.3 Mode
B.4 Example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative)Example of frequency measurement and calculation
C.1 Definitions
C.2 Signal observation model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nC.3 General requirements on frequency measurement
C.3.1 General requirements on frequency measurement
C.3.2 Periodic algorithm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nFigure C.1 \u2013 Zero-crossing algorithm
Figure C.2 \u2013 Level-crossing algorithm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nC.3.3 Analysis algorithm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nC.3.4 Error minimization algorithm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nC.3.5 Discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative)Performance with inter-harmonics
D.1 General
D.2 Proposed test: accuracy of the under\/over frequency start value
D.2.1 Description of the generated frequency ramp
Figure D.1 \u2013 Example of an increasing pseudo-continuous rampfor overfrequency function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nD.2.2 Protection function settings
Table D.1 \u2013 Superimposed inter-harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nD.2.3 Test points and calculation of frequency accuracy in the presence of inter\ufffdharmonics
D.2.4 Reporting of frequency accuracy in the presence of inter-harmonics
Table D.2 \u2013 Test points for under\/overfrequency functionin the presence of inter-harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative)Management of sudden frequency change without discontinuity in voltage waveform <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nFigure E.1 \u2013 Example of voltage waveform without discontinuity at to = 0,02 s <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nFigure E.2 \u2013 Example of voltage waveform with discontinuity at to = 0,02 s <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Measuring relays and protection equipment – Functional requirements for frequency protection<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2019<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":255510,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[512,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-255506","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-120-70","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/255506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/255510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=255506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=255506"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=255506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}