{"id":26353,"date":"2024-10-17T02:29:56","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T02:29:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/fema-306-98-1998\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T13:45:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T13:45:41","slug":"fema-306-98-1998","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/fema\/fema-306-98-1998\/","title":{"rendered":"FEMA 306 98 1998"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nPreface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nTable of Contents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nList of Figures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nList of Tables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nList of Test and Inspection Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nList of Component Damage Classification Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nPrologue
What have we learned? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nWhat does it mean? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n1. Introduction and Overview
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nFigure 1 1 Global Displacement Capacities for Various Performance Levels. Capacities will vary, d…
1.3 Basis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nFigure 1 2 Global Displacement Demands for Restored and Unrestored Damaged Buildings. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n1.4 Overview of the Damage Investigation and Evaluation Procedures
1.4.1 Introduction and Overview
1.4.2 Characteristics of Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings
1.4.3 Investigation of Earthquake Damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFigure 1 3 Flowchart for the Investigation and Evaluation of Earthquake Damage to Concrete and Ma… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n1.4.4 Evaluation of Earthquake Damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n1.4.5 Component Information
1.4.6 Terms and Symbols
1.4.7 Related Documents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n1.5 Limitations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n2. Characteristics of Concrete And Masonry Wall Buildings
2.1 Typical Vertical Elements
2.1.1 Bearing Walls and Infilled Frames
Figure 2 1 Global Structure, Lateral-Force-Resisting Elements, and Components. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n2.1.2 Wall Elevations
2.1.3 Foundation Effects
2.2 Horizontal Elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nFigure 2 2 Characteristics of Bearing Walls and Infilled Frames <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure 2 3 Three General Categories of Concrete and Masonry Wall Configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nFigure 2 4 Example Wall Mechanisms and Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n2.3 Three-Dimensional Considerations
2.4 Identification of Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nTable 2 1 Component Types for Reinforced Concrete Walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n3. Investigation of Earthquake Damage
3.1 Characteristics of the Damaging Earthquake
3.2 Review of Existing Building Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nFigure 3 1 Parameters Needed and Form of Approximate Site Response Spectrum
3.3 Assessing the Consequences of the Damaging Earthquake <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nFigure 3 2 Peak Ground Acceleration Contours for 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake (from NI… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nTable 3 1 Summary of Inspection and Test Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nFigure 3 3 Spectral Acceleration Contours for T=0.3 sec., 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nFigure 3 4 Spectral Acceleration Contours for T=1.0 sec., 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake…
3.4 Pre-existing Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n3.5 Component Damage Classification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n3.6 Verification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigure 3 5 Different Inelastic Lateral Mechanisms and Components for Same Wall Element <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure 3 6 Relationship between design strength and expected strength
3.7 Documentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure 3 7 Component force-deformation behavior, ductility, and severity of damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 3 8 Example Component Damage Record <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n3.8 Test and Inspection Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n4. Evaluation of Earthquake Damage
4.1 Basis of Evaluation
4.2 Seismic Performance Objectives
4.3 Seismic Performance Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n4.4 Relative Performance Analysis
4.4.1 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nFigure 4 1 Displacement Parameters for Damage Evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure 4 2 Idealized Component Force-Deformation Relationship
4.4.2 Global Displacement Performance Limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nFigure 4 3 Global Displacement Limits and Component Acceptability used in FEMA 273\/274
4.4.3 Component Modeling and Acceptability Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nFigure 4 4 Component Modeling Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nFigure 4 5 Component Acceptability Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nFigure 4 6 Component Modification Factors and Damage Severity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nFigure 4 7 Determining l values from structural testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n4.4.4 Global Displacement Demand <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nFigure 4 8 Maximum Displacement Dependency on Damaging Earthquake
Figure 4 9 Global Capacity Dependency on Initial and Effective Stiffness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nFigure 4 10 Pre- and Post-Event Capacity Curves with Associated Stiffnesses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n4.5 Performance Restoration Measures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n4.6 An Alternative\u2014The Direct Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\n5: Reinforced Concrete
5.1 Introduction and Background
5.2 Reinforced Concrete Component Types and Behavior Modes
5.2.1 Component Types
5.2.2 Behavior Modes and Damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nTable 5 1 Component Types and Descriptions for Reinforced Concrete Walls.
5.2.3 Behavior Modes with High Ductility Capacity (Flexural Response)
5.2.4 Behavior Modes with Intermediate Ductility Capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nTable 5 2 Behavior Modes for Reinforced Concrete Wall Components. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nTable 5 3 Likelihood of Earthquake Damage to Reinforced Concrete Walls According to Wall Componen… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n5.2.5 Behavior Modes with Little or No Ductility Capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n5.2.6 Foundation Rocking Response
5.3 Reinforced Concrete Evaluation Procedures
5.3.1 Cracking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n5.3.2 Expected Strength and Material Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n5.3.3 Plastic-Hinge Location and Length <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n5.3.4 Ductility Classifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\n5.3.5 Moment Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\n5.3.6 Shear Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n5.3.7 Wall Boundary Confinement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\n5.3.8 Lap Splice Strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n5.3.9 Wall Buckling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\n5.4 Symbols for Reinforced Concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\n5.5 Reinforced Concrete Component Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n6: Reinforced Masonry
6.1 Introduction and Background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\n6.2 Reinforced Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes
6.2.1 Component Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nTable 6 1 Component Types for Reinforced Masonry
6.2.2 Behavior Modes with High Ductility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nTable 6 2 Likelihood of Earthquake Damage to Reinforced Masonry Components According to Component… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nTable 6 3 Behavior Modes for Reinforced Masonry Components (Note: Hysteresis Curves from Shing et… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\n6.2.3 Behavior Modes with Moderate Ductility
6.2.4 Behavior Modes with Low Ductility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\n6.3 Reinforced Masonry Evaluation Procedures
6.3.1 Material Properties
Table 6 4 Initial Expected Clay or Concrete Masonry Properties
6.3.2 Flexure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\n6.3.3 Shear <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n6.3.4 Sliding
6.3.5 Wall Instability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\n6.3.6 Lap-Splice Slip
6.3.7 Masonry Beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n6.4 Symbols for Reinforced Masonry <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\n6.5 Reinforced Masonry Component Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\n7: Unreinforced Masonry
7.1 Introduction and Background
7.1.1 Section Organization
7.1.2 Material Types and Structural Framing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158<\/td>\n7.1.3 Seismically Rehabilitated URM Buildings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\n7.2 Unreinforced Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes
7.2.1 Non-Wall Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\nFigure 7 1 Diagram of Parapet Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\nTable 7 1 Behavior Modes for Non-Wall URM Elements
7.2.2 Wall Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
163<\/td>\nTable 7 2 Behavior Modes for URM Walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nFigure 7 3 Diagram of an Appendage Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990)
7.2.3 Foundation Rocking
7.2.4 Wall-Pier Rocking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nFigure 7 4 Photos of Appendage Failures (from Rutherford &Chekene, 1990) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
166<\/td>\nFigure 7 5 Diagram of Wall-Diaphragm Tension Tie Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990)
7.2.5 Bed-Joint Sliding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\nFigure 7 6 Photo of Wall-Diaphragm Tension Tie Failure (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
168<\/td>\nFigure 7 7 Diagram of Wall-Diaphragm Shear Tie Failure (from City of Los Angeles, 1991) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nFigure 7 8 Examples of Various Masonry Diaphragms (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1997)
7.2.6 Bed-Joint Sliding at Wall Base <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nFigure 7 9 URM Wall Components
7.2.7 Spandrel-Joint Sliding
7.2.8 Rocking\/Toe Crushing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\nFigure 7 10 Photo of Bed Joint Sliding
7.2.9 Flexural Cracking\/Toe Crushing\/Bed Joint Sliding
7.2.10 Flexural Cracking\/Diagonal Tension
7.2.11 Flexural Cracking\/Toe Crushing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\n7.2.12 Spandrel-Unit Cracking
7.2.13 Corner Damage
7.2.14 Preemptive Diagonal Tension
7.2.15 Preemptive Toe Crushing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\nFigure 7 11 Diagram of Corner Damage (from City of Los Angeles, 1991)
7.2.16 Out-of-Plane Flexural Response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\nFigure 7 12 Photo of Corner Damage (from Rutherford and Chekene, 1990)
7.2.17 Other Modes
7.3 Unreinforced Masonry Evaluation procedures
7.3.1 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\n7.3.2 Evaluation Procedures for In- Plane Behavior of Piers in Walls with Weak Pier – Strong Span… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\n7.3.3 Evaluation Procedures for In- Plane Behavior of Solid Wall Components
7.3.4 Evaluation Procedures for In- Plane Behavior of Perforated Walls with Spandrel Damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\nFigure 7 13 Spandrel Joint Sliding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nFigure 7 14 Implications of Spandrel Cracking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\n7.3.5 Evaluation Procedures for Out-of- Plane Behavior of Wall and Pier Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\n7.4 Symbols for Unreinforced Masonry <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\n7.5 Unreinforced Masonry Component Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\n8: Infilled Frames
8.1 Introduction and Background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\n8.2 Infilled Frame Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes
8.2.1 Component Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nTable 8 1 Component Types for Infilled Frames <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\n8.2.2 Panel and Frame Modeling and Interaction
8.2.3 Behavior Modes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nTable 8 2 Behavior Modes For Solid Infilled Panel Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\nFigure 8 1 Ductile reinforced concrete frames with concrete masonry infills tested by Mehrabi et … <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nFigure 8 2 Bed-joint sliding of a two-bay steel frame-block infill. Model study by Gergely et al…. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nFigure 8 3 Specimen tested by Mander et al. (1993a). Steel frame-clay brick masonry infill. Top a… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\nFigure 8 4 Effect of openings on the monotonic lateral-load performance of steel frame-masonry in… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\nFigure 8 5 Out-of-plane behavior of infilled masonry walls showing crack patterns and out-of-plan… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\nFigure 8 6 Experiments conducted by Aycardi et al. (1994), showing the performance of nonductile … <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\nTable 8 3 Behavior Modes For Infilled Steel-Frame Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nTable 8 4 Behavior Modes For Infilled Concrete-Frame Components
8.3 Infilled Frame Evaluation Procedures
8.3.1 Solid Infilled-Panel Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\n8.3.2 Infilled-Panel Components with Openings
8.3.3 Out-of-Plane Behavior of Infilled-Panel Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\n8.3.4 Steel-Frame Components
8.3.5 Concrete-Frame Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\nTable 8 5 Out-of-plane infill strength parameters. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\n8.4 Infilled Frame Component Guides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\nGlossary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nList of General Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\nATC-43 Project Participants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\nApplied Technology Council Projects And Report Information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FEMA 306 – Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings: Basic Procedures Manual<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEMA<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n1998<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":26354,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2743],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26353","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-fema","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/26353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=26353"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=26353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}