This part of IEC TS 62607 establishes a standardized method to determine the electrical key control characteristic<\/p>\n
volume resistivity<\/p>\n
for powder consisting of graphene-based material like flakes of graphene, few layer graphene and\/or reduced graphene oxide after preparation of a sample in pellet form by<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
four probe method<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
using powder resistivity measurement system.<\/p>\n
The volume resistivity is a measure of the quality of powder-type graphene products in terms of electrical property and reflects the density-dependency shown in a pellet of powder-type graphene.<\/p>\n
The volume conductivity can directly be derived from the volume resistivity.<\/p>\n
Typical application areas are industries that use powder-type graphene products for graphene manufacture, potential developers, and users who produce graphene-based products. As the volume resistivity measured according to this document requires the preparation of a sample in the form of a pellet, this document describes in detail<\/p>\n
an apparatus to prepare consistently a test sample, the pellet,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the preparation of the pellet starting from powder-type graphene,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the measurement procedure to measure the volume resistivity (or volume conductivity) of the pellet, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the data analysis, the interpretation and reporting of the results.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 3.1 General terms 3.2 Key control characteristics 3.3 Terms related to measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4 Sample preparation 5 Measurement of volume resistivity of graphene pellet 5.1 Description of the measurement apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Measurement system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 5.2 Determination of sample amount 5.3 The measurement procedures 6 Data analysis and interpretation of results 6.1 General Tables Table 1 \u2013 Minimum thickness of the pellet vs amount of the used sampleat the maximum applied pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 6.2 Analysis of volume resistivity as a function of the applied pressures 6.3 Calculation of volume conductivity of a pellet 6.4 Analysis of volume resistivity (or volume conductivity) as a function of the volume density of graphene pellet <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 7 Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Case studies A.1 Graphene (reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanopowder (GNP)) A.2 Morphology change of rGO flakes before and after pressurization Figure A.1 \u2013 FE-SEM images of rGO flakes of (A) Company 1 (rGO-A),(B) Company 2 (rGO-B) and (C) graphene nanopowder (GNP)before (left) and after (right) pressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | A.3 Raman spectroscopy measurement of graphene powder before and after pressurization up to 52 MPa Figure A.2 \u2013 Raman spectra of (A) rGO-A, (B) rGO-B and (C) GNPbefore (black line) and after (red line) pressurization Figure A.3 \u2013 Comparison data for ID\/IG of rGO-A (short-dash line), rGO-B (solid line) and GNP (long-dash line) before and after pressurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | A.4 Results on powder resistivity measurements A.4.1 Powder resistivity measurement of rGO-A (company 1) with various amounts Table A.1 \u2013 An example of the measurement parameters for rGO-A (0,2 g) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Figure A.4 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) thickness, (B) volume resistivity (\u03c1v), and (C) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the applied pressure: (1) 0,1 g and (2) 0,2 g of rGO-A <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | A.4.2 Powder resistivity measurement of 1,0 g of rGO-B (company 2) Figure A.5 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) volume resistivity (\u03c1v) and (B) volumeconductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the volume density (dv) of a graphene pellet: 0,1 g (filled symbol) and 0,2 g (unfilled symbol) of rGO-A Figure A.6 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) thickness (t), (B) volume resistivity (\u03c1v), and (C) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) of rGO-B (1,0 g) as a function of the applied pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Figure A.7 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) volume resistivity (\u03c1v) and (B) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) of rGO-B (1,0 g) as a function of the volume density (dv) of the graphene pellet Figure A.8 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) volume resistivity (\u03c1v) and (B) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the volume density (dv)of graphene pellets: 0,1 g (filled symbol), 0,2 g (unfilled symbol) of rGO-A and 1,0 g (lined symbol) of rGO-B <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Table A.2 \u2013 Volume resistivity and volume conductivity of rGO pellets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | A.4.3 Powder resistivity measurement of GNP Figure A.9 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) thickness (t), (B) volume resistivity (\u03c1v), and (C) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the applied pressure: (1) 0,1 g and (2) 0,2 g of GNP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure A.10 \u2013 Correlation plots of (A) volume resistivity (\u03c1v) and (B) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the volume density (dv) of a graphene pellet: 0,1 g (filled symbol) and 0,2 g (unfilled symbol) of GNP Figure A.11 \u2013 Comparison plots of (A) volume resistivity (\u03c1v) and (B) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the volume density (dv) of graphene pellets: rGO-A (filled symbol) and GNP (unfilled symbol) Table A.3 \u2013 Volume resistivity and volume conductivity of GNP pellets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | Figure A.12 \u2013 XPS survey spectra of as-received (A) rGO-A, (B) rGO-B and (C) GNP Table A.4 \u2013 Summary of XPS data of three graphene samples in a powder form <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Table A.5 \u2013 Volume resistivity (\u03c1v) and volume conductivity (\u03c3v) of graphene pellets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | A.4.4 Powder resistivity measurement of graphene oxides with different amounts of oxygen Figure A.13 \u2013 Correlation plots of thickness (t) as a function of the applied pressure:0,3 g samples of four types of graphene oxide (G-a, G-b, G-c, and G-d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Figure A.14 \u2013 Correlation plots of volume resistivity (\u03c1v) as a function of the applied pressure: 0,3 g samples of four types of graphene oxide (G-a, G-b, G-c, and G-d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Figure A.15 \u2013 Correlation plots of volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the applied pressure: 0,3 g samples of four types of graphene oxide (G-a, G-b, G-c, and G-d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Figure A.16 \u2013 Correlation plots of volume resistivity (\u03c1v) as a function of the volume density (dv) of graphene oxide pellet (G-a, G-b, G-c, and G-d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Figure A.17 \u2013 Correlation plots of volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the volume density (dv) of graphene oxide pellet (G-a, G-b, G-c, and G-d) Figure A.18 \u2013 Comparison plots of (A) volume resistivity (\u03c3v) and (B) volume conductivity (\u03c3v) as a function of the volume density (dv) of graphene oxide pellet (G\u2011a, G-b, G-c, and G-d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Table A.6 \u2013 Volume resistivity (\u03c3v) and volume conductivity (\u03c3v) of four graphene oxide pellets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nanomanufacturing. Key control characteristics – Graphene-based material. Volume resistivity: four probe method<\/b><\/p>\n |