This European Standard gives requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection, testing and verification of GRP tanks and vessels with or without thermoplastics lining for storage or processing of fluids, factory made or site built, non-pressurized or pressurized up to 10 bar, for use above ground. Further requirements are presented in normative Annex G.<\/p>\n
The terms vessels and tanks as used in this part of EN 13121 include branches up to the point of connection to pipe work or other equipment by bolting and supports, brackets or other attachments bonded directly to the shell.<\/p>\n
This part of EN 13121 covers vessels and tanks subject to temperatures between \u2013 40 \u00b0C and 120 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Excluded from this part of EN 13121 are:<\/p>\n
tanks and vessels for the transport of fluids;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
underground storage tanks;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
spherical vessels;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
vessels and tanks of irregular shape;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
tanks and vessels with double containment where the double wall is considered structural;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
tanks and vessels which are subject to the risk of explosion, or failure of which may cause an emission of radioactivity;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
specification for fibre reinforced cisterns of one piece and sectional construction for the storage, above ground, of cold water (see EN 13280).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4<\/td>\n | Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4 Symbols and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5 Information and requirements to be supplied and documented 5.1 General 5.2 Information to be obtained by the manufacturer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 5.3 Information to be prepared by the manufacturer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5.4 Final documentation 6 Material 6.1 General 6.2 Chemical protective barrier 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Thermoplastics linings 6.2.3 Resin based linings 6.3 Flammability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 6.4 Electrical resistivity 7 Mechanical properties 7.1 General 7.2 Heat deflection temperature 7.3 Laminate construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 7.4 Laminate thickness 7.5 Laminate properties 7.6 Inter-laminar shear strength 7.6.1 Laminate 7.6.2 Thermoplastics linings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 7.7 Peel strength of laminates 7.8 Pull-off strength of laminates and thermoplastic liner 7.9 Selection of physical properties of materials and allowable design factors 7.9.1 General 7.9.2 Basic design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 7.9.3 Advanced design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 7.9.4 Design factors 7.9.5 Overall design factors K and F 7.9.5.1 Overall design factor 7.9.5.2 Derivation of partial influence factor A1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 7.9.5.3 Derivation of partial influence factor A2 7.9.5.4 Derivation of partial influence factor A3 7.9.5.5 Derivation of partial influence factor A4 7.9.5.6 Derivation of partial influence factor A5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 7.9.5.7 Partial factor for material properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 8 Determination of design strain and loadings 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 8.2 Limit design strains 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Limit resin strain \u03b5ar 8.2.3 Limit strain for laminate or lamina \u03b5 lim <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 8.2.4 Limit test strain \u03b5test 8.3 Limit design laminate loadings 8.4 Determination of the mechanical values from laminates 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Calculation of laminate values without experimental test data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 8.4.3 Laminate with experimental data 8.5 Laminate thickness 9 Design 9.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 9.2 Determination of external loads 9.2.1 Snow loads 9.2.2 Wind loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 9.2.3 Seismic loads 9.2.3.1 General 9.2.3.2 Material properties 9.2.3.3 Design values of ground acceleration 9.2.3.4 Design acceleration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 9.2.3.5 Unit loads 9.2.4 Insulation loads 9.2.5 Loads resulting from connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 9.2.6 Agitation 9.2.7 Pressure due to inadequate venting 9.2.8 Personnel loading 9.2.9 Internal stresses in vessels and tanks due temperatures 9.3 Verification by the partial factor method 9.3.1 General 9.3.1.1 General remarks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 9.3.1.2 Principle of limit states design 9.3.1.3 Combination of actions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 9.3.2 Dimensioning by using (A5\u22c5\u03b3)-factored loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 9.4 Drawings and design calculations 9.5 Design details 9.5.1 Design temperature TS 9.5.2 Pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 10 Design analysis 10.1 Symbols and units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 10.2 Vertical vessels or tanks, cylinders under loads (t\u00a0<\u00a00,01\u2219D) 10.2.1 Circumferential loadings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | 10.2.2 Combined axial loading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 10.3 Cylindrical shells subject to compressive loadings \u2014 critical buckling criteria 10.3.1 General 10.3.2 Critical axial buckling load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | 10.3.3 Critical circumferential buckling pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | 10.3.4 Combined axial and radial compressive loadings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | 10.3.5 Critical buckling pressure for cylindrical shell stiffened with external or internal rings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | 10.4 Conical shells 10.4.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | 10.4.2 Shallow conical ends 10.4.3 Conical ends subject to internal pressure 10.4.3.1 Pressures 10.4.3.2 Circumferential unit loading in cone 10.4.3.3 Axial unit load in cone to knuckle junction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | 10.4.4 Conical ends subject to external pressure 10.4.4.1 Strength requirement 10.4.4.2 Elastic stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | 10.4.5 Shell conical covers 10.4.5.1 Covers subject to internal pressure 10.4.5.2 Conical covers subject to external pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 10.5 Dished end 10.5.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 10.5.2 Dished ends subject to internal pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | 10.5.3 Stability for dished ends subject to external pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | 10.6 Design of flat bottoms and skirts for vertical tanks and vessels 10.6.1 Definitions 10.6.2 Fully supported, flat bottom tanks 10.6.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | 10.6.2.2 Flat bottoms with a knuckle radius of: 30\u00a0mm\u00a0\u2264\u00a0r\u00a0\u2264\u00a0150\u00a0mm (Figure\u00a012) 10.6.2.3 Flat bottoms with a knuckle radius of r\u00a0\u2264\u00a030\u00a0mm (Figure\u00a012) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | 10.6.2.4 Flat bottoms with a knuckle radius of r\u00a0=\u00a00\u00a0mm (Figure\u00a013) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | 10.6.2.5 Membrane bottom <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | 10.6.2.6 Flat bottom design with membrane disc beneath cylinder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | 10.6.2.7 Truncated bottom (D\u00a0\u2264\u00a04500\u00a0mm) 10.6.2.8 Influence of temperature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | 10.6.3 Vessels with flat bases subjected to pressure 10.6.4 Dished bottom and conical bottom configurations 10.6.4.1 Leg supports 10.6.4.2 Ring supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | 10.6.4.3 Design of skirt supported vessels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | 10.7 Circumferential seams for cylindrical joints 10.7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 81<\/td>\n | 10.7.2 Construction without thermoplastics liner 10.7.3 Construction with thermoplastics liner 10.8 Openings, branches and compensating laminate 10.8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | 10.8.2 Symbols 10.8.3 Compensation requirements for openings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 89<\/td>\n | 10.8.4 Pull out load from nozzles 10.8.5 Prevention of failure in peel 10.8.6 Pad connections 10.8.6.1 General 10.8.6.2 Studs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 90<\/td>\n | 10.8.6.3 Metal rings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 91<\/td>\n | 10.8.6.4 Studs with steel insert nuts 10.8.7 Screwed connections 10.8.8 Access and inspecting openings 10.8.9 Gusset on branches 10.9 Flat Panels or Blind flanges 10.9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 92<\/td>\n | 10.9.2 Symbols 10.9.3 Circular panels 10.9.3.1 General 10.9.3.2 Circular panels under uniformly distributed load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | 10.9.3.3 Circular panels under central local load 10.9.3.4 Blind flange arrangements with steel backing plate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 94<\/td>\n | 10.9.3.5 Blind flange arrangements with GRP cover plate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 95<\/td>\n | 10.10 Horizontal tanks and vessels 10.10.1 Types of supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 97<\/td>\n | 10.10.2 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 98<\/td>\n | 10.10.3 Unit loads of the cylindrical shell 10.10.3.1 Unit loads in circumferential direction due to pressure 10.10.3.2 Unit loads in axial direction and lateral forces for a symmetrical support on two saddles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 102<\/td>\n | 10.10.3.3 Shear forces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 103<\/td>\n | 10.10.3.4 Shear-buckling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 104<\/td>\n | 10.10.3.5 Stability of shell 10.10.3.6 Unit loads in axial direction and lateral forces for a vessel on three or more saddles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 105<\/td>\n | 10.10.4 Unit loads on saddle position 10.10.4.1 General 10.10.4.2 Circumferential unit load – unstiffened shell <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 107<\/td>\n | 10.10.4.3 Shell stiffened with rings in plane of the saddles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 111<\/td>\n | 10.10.5 Unit loads for horizontal loads at the vessel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 112<\/td>\n | 10.11 Large diameter pipes and pipe fittings 10.11.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 113<\/td>\n | 10.11.2 Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 114<\/td>\n | 10.11.3 Elbows 10.11.4 Large cut-outs and Tees <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 117<\/td>\n | 11 Bolted flange connections 11.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 123<\/td>\n | 11.2 Full face flanges design 11.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 124<\/td>\n | 11.2.2 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 126<\/td>\n | 11.2.3 Pipe loads on flanges 11.2.4 Gasket load and bolt torque <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 127<\/td>\n | 11.2.5 Summary of loads 11.2.6 Total bending moment 11.2.7 Flange design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 129<\/td>\n | 11.2.8 Flange slope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 135<\/td>\n | 11.3 Stub flange design with backing ring 11.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 136<\/td>\n | 11.3.2 Loads, bending moment and design for backing ring made of steel or GRP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 137<\/td>\n | 11.3.3 Stub flange loadings 11.3.4 Stub shear interface design 11.3.5 Stub end or flange design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 138<\/td>\n | 11.3.6 Seating stress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 140<\/td>\n | 11.4 Butt and strap jointed flanges at vessels or tanks 12 Supports for vessels and tanks 12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 141<\/td>\n | 12.2 Supports and mountings for tanks and vessels 12.2.1 General considerations for supports 12.2.2 Supports for vertical vessels 12.2.2.1 Leg supports 12.2.2.2 Integral ring supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 142<\/td>\n | 12.2.2.3 Ring girders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 143<\/td>\n | 12.2.2.4 Skirt support <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 145<\/td>\n | 12.2.2.5 Steel support without ring girder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 147<\/td>\n | 13 Seismic loading 14 Design calculation for tank and vessel anchorage 14.1 General 14.2 Design for uplift 14.3 Design for anchor bolts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 151<\/td>\n | 15 Structures and fittings 15.1 General 15.2 Internal structures and fittings 15.3 External structures and fittings 15.4 Lifting devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 156<\/td>\n | 16 Local load analysis 17 Quality Control 17.1 General 17.2 Works requirements 17.2.1 General 17.2.2 Raw materials storage 17.2.3 Manufacturing area 17.2.4 Conditions for laminating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 157<\/td>\n | 17.3 Documentation to be prepared by the manufacturer 17.3.1 Technical documentation 17.3.2 Records and documentation requirements for raw materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 158<\/td>\n | 17.3.3 Manufacturing documentation requirements 17.3.4 Quality control documentation requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 163<\/td>\n | 17.4 Manufacture 17.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 164<\/td>\n | 17.4.2 Fabrication of thermoplastics liners 17.4.3 Fabrication of laminates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 165<\/td>\n | 17.4.4 Imperfections in laminates 17.4.5 Curing 17.5 Inspection and testing after completion of fabrication 17.5.1 Visual and dimensional inspection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 166<\/td>\n | 17.5.2 Physical test to be carried out 17.5.3 Coupon testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 167<\/td>\n | 17.6 Experimental Design Verification Method for pressure vessel 17.6.1 General 17.6.2 Manufacture of the prototype vessel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 168<\/td>\n | 17.6.3 Tests to be applied to prototype vessels 18 Marking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 170<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0A (informative)Product testing for serial or batch production process A.1 Initial type testing (ITT) A.2 Testing of samples A.2.1 General A.2.2 Batch release tests (BRT) A.2.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 171<\/td>\n | A.2.2.2 Retesting procedures for batch release tests A.2.3 Process control tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 172<\/td>\n | A.3 Inspection and test records A.3.1 General A.3.2 Marking A.3.3 Delivery, installation, maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 173<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0B (informative)Derivation of laminate properties from laminate properties B.1 General B.2 Lamina\/laminate thickness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 174<\/td>\n | B.3 Laminate modulus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 175<\/td>\n | B.4 Determination of laminate flexural stiffness B.5 Determination of laminate strains from load resultants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 177<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0C (normative)Pressure and leak testing C.1 General C.2 Open top tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 178<\/td>\n | C.3 Static head test of closed tanks and vessels C.3.1 Contents having a specific gravity up to 1,0 C.3.2 Contents having a specific gravity greater than 1,0 C.4 Hydraulic pressure test C.4.1 Test done in the working attitude C.4.2 Tests done in other than the working attitudes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 179<\/td>\n | C.4.3 Pneumatic testing C.4.4 Vacuum test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 180<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0D (normative)Methods of tests D.1 General D.1.1 Tests D.1.2 Accuracy of test equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 181<\/td>\n | D.2 Loss on ignition D.3 Tensile strength of thermoplastics welds D.4 Bend test for thermoplastics welds D.4.1 Introduction D.4.2 Test arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 182<\/td>\n | D.4.3 Test pieces D.4.4 Method of test D.4.5 Requirements from flexural test D.4.6 Test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 183<\/td>\n | D.5 Ultimate tensile unit strength of laminates D.5.1 Test pieces and procedure D.5.2 Simple laminates D.5.3 Combined laminates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 184<\/td>\n | D.6 Unit tensile modulus of laminates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 186<\/td>\n | D.7 Inter laminar shear strength of laminates D.7.1 Form of test specimen D.7.2 Number of test specimens D.7.3 Procedure D.7.4 Results D.7.5 Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 187<\/td>\n | D.8 Lap shear strength of bond between thermoplastics lining and laminate or between laminates D.8.1 Form of the test specimen D.8.2 Number of test specimens D.8.3 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 188<\/td>\n | D.8.4 Report D.9 Peel strength of bond between laminate layers D.9.1 Form of the specimen D.9.2 Number of specimens <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 189<\/td>\n | D.9.3 Procedure D.9.4 Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 191<\/td>\n | D.10 Flexural short-term creep test (flexural modulus E1h and E24h test) D.10.1 General D.10.2 Definitions D.10.3 Test device <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 192<\/td>\n | D.10.4 Test pieces D.10.5 Procedure D.10.6 Calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 193<\/td>\n | D.11 Barcol hardness D.12 Determination of electrical resistivity D.13 Glass transition temperature by DSC of cured resin D.14 Spark testing of thermoplastics welds D.14.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 194<\/td>\n | D.14.2 Apparatus D.14.3 Procedure D.15 Long term flexural creep test D.15.1 General D.15.2 Definitions D.15.3 Test device <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 195<\/td>\n | D.15.4 Test pieces D.15.5 Procedure D.15.6 Calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 196<\/td>\n | D.16 Hardness of rubber D.17 Flash point test D.18 Heat deflection temperature test D.19 Flexural strength of laminate D.20 Pull-off strength from laminates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 198<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0E (normative)Approval testing of laminators E.1 General E.2 Assessment of the laminator E.3 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 199<\/td>\n | E.4 Theory exam E.5 Test pieces E.6 Evaluation of test pieces E.6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 200<\/td>\n | E.6.2 Test procedure 1 E.6.3 Test procedure 2 E.6.4 Test procedure 3 E.7 Minimum requirements for acceptance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 201<\/td>\n | E.8 Test certificate E.9 Validity and renewal E.10 Range of approval <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 203<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0F (informative)Design by stress analysis F.1 General F.2 Typical methods F.3 General requirements F.4 Important determination results F.5 Design factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 204<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0G (normative)Environmental aspects G.1 Principle G.2 Design and Manufacturing G.3 Effects of materials on water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 205<\/td>\n | G.4 Effects of materials on food G.5 Recycling G.6 Storage of substances hazardous to water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 206<\/td>\n | Annex\u00a0ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive\u00a02014\/68\/EU aimed to be covered <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" GRP tanks and vessels for use above ground – Design and workmanship<\/b><\/p>\n |