This part of CISPR 16 is a collection of technical reports (Clause 4) that serve as background and supporting information for the various other standards and technical reports in CISPR 16 series. In addition, background information is provided on the history of CISPR, as well as a historical reference on the measurement of interference power from household and similar appliances in the VHF range (Clause 5).<\/p>\n
Over the years, CISPR prepared a number of recommendations and reports that have significant technical merit but were not generally available. Reports and recommendations were for some time published in CISPR 7 and CISPR 8.<\/p>\n
At its meeting in Campinas, Brazil, in 1988, CISPR subcommittee A agreed on the table of contents of CISPR 16-3, and to publish the reports for posterity by giving the reports a permanent place in CISPR 16-3.<\/p>\n
With the reorganization of CISPR 16 in 2003, the significance of CISPR limits material was moved to CISPR 16-4-3, whereas recommendations on statistics of disturbance complaints and on the report on the determination of limits were moved to CISPR 16-4-4:2007. The contents of Amendment 1 (2002) of CISPR 16-3:2000 were moved to CISPR 16-4-1.<\/p>\n
\nNOTE As a consolidated collection of independent technical reports, this document can contain symbols that have differing meanings from one clause to the next. Attempts have been made to minimize this to the extent possible at the time of editing.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n
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\n PDF Pages<\/th>\n PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4<\/td>\n CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 18<\/td>\n FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 20<\/td>\n 1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 21<\/td>\n 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 24<\/td>\n 3.2 Abbreviated terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 25<\/td>\n 4 Technical reports
4.1 Correlation between measurements made with apparatus having characteristics differing from CISPR characteristics and measurements made with CISPR apparatus
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Critical interference-measuring instrument parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 26<\/td>\n Figure 1 \u2013 Relative response of various detectors to impulse interference
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Comparative response of slideback peak, quasi-peak and average detectors to sine wave, periodic pulse and Gaussian waveform <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 27<\/td>\n 4.1.3 Impulse interference \u2013 correlation factors
Figures
Figure 2 \u2013 Pulse rectification coefficient P(\u03b1) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 28<\/td>\n Figure 3 \u2013 Pulse repetition frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 29<\/td>\n 4.1.4 Random noise
4.1.5 The root mean square (RMS) detector
4.1.6 Discussion
4.1.7 Application to typical noise sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 30<\/td>\n 4.1.8 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 31<\/td>\n 4.2 Interference simulators
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Types of interference signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 32<\/td>\n 4.2.3 Circuits for simulating broadband interference
Table 2 \u2013 Characteristics of gate generator and modulator to simulate various types of broadband interference <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 34<\/td>\n Figure 4 \u2013 Block diagram and waveforms of a simulator generating noise bursts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 35<\/td>\n Figure 5 \u2013 Block diagram of a simulator generating noise bursts according to the pulse principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 36<\/td>\n 4.3 Relationship between limits for open-area test site and the reverberation chamber
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Correlation between measurement results of the reverberation chamber and OATS
Figure 6 \u2013 Details of a typical output stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 37<\/td>\n 4.3.3 Limits for use with the reverberation chamber method
4.3.4 Procedure for the determination of the reverberation chamber limit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 38<\/td>\n 4.4 Characterization and classification of the asymmetrical disturbance source induced in telephone subscriber lines by AM broadcasting transmitters in the LW, MW and SW bands
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Experimental characterization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 40<\/td>\n Figure 7 \u2013 Scatter plot of the measured outdoor magnetic field strength Ho (dB(A\/m) versus the calculated outdoor magnetic field strength Hc dB((A\/m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 41<\/td>\n Figure 8 \u2013 Measured outdoor magnetic versus distance, and probability of the building-effect parameter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 42<\/td>\n Figure 9 \u2013 Normal probability plot of the building-effect parameter Ab dB
Table 3 \u2013 Summary results of building-effect, Ab, analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 43<\/td>\n Figure 10 \u2013 Scatter plot of the outdoor antenna factor Go dB((m) versus the indoor antenna factor Gi <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 44<\/td>\n Figure 11 \u2013 Normal probability plots of the antenna factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 45<\/td>\n Table 4 \u2013 Summary of results of G-factor analysis
Table 5 \u2013 Summary of Lo factors (far-field) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 46<\/td>\n Table 6 \u2013 Summary of truncation parameters of f(G) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 47<\/td>\n Figure 12 \u2013 Normal probability plot of the equivalent asymmetrical resistance Ra dB(\u03a9)
Table 7 \u2013 Summary results of equivalent-resistance analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 48<\/td>\n 4.4.3 Prediction models and classification
Figure 13 \u2013 Examples of the frequency dependence of some parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 50<\/td>\n Table 8 \u2013 Example of field-strength classification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 51<\/td>\n Table 9 \u2013 Example of voltage classification assuming for the outdoor field strength: Emax = 60 V\/m and Emin = 0,01 V\/m <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 52<\/td>\n 4.4.4 Characterization of the immunity-test disturbance source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 53<\/td>\n Figure 14 \u2013 Example of the frequency histogram \u0394N(Eo,\u0394Eo) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 54<\/td>\n Figure 15 \u2013 Example of nm(Eo), i.e. the distribution of the outlets experiencing a maximum field strength Eo resulting from a given number of transmitters in (or near) the respective geographical region <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 55<\/td>\n Table 10 \u2013 Summary of the parameters used in the numerical examples presented in Figure 16 and Figure 17 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 56<\/td>\n Figure 16 \u2013 Example of the number of outlets with an induced asymmetrical open-circuit voltage UL \u2264 Uh \u2264 Umax = 79 V (see Table 10) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 57<\/td>\n Figure 17 \u2013 Examples of number (left-hand scale) and relative number (right-hand scale) of outlets with UL \u2264 Uh \u2264 Umax <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 59<\/td>\n 4.5 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies above 30 MHz
4.5.1 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 60<\/td>\n 4.5.2 Range of application
4.5.3 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 62<\/td>\n 4.5.4 Method used to calculate field patterns in the vertical plane
Table 11 \u2013 Frequencies of interest in ITU designated bands from Table 9 of CISPR 11:2009 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 63<\/td>\n 4.5.5 Limitations of predictability of radiation at elevated angles
Table 12 \u2013 Electrical constants for \u201cmedium dry ground\u201d [31](CCIR: medium dry ground; rocks; sand; medium sized towns[32])
Table 13 \u2013 Electrical constants for \u201cwet ground\u201d [31] (CCIR: marshes (fresh water); cultivated land [24]) and \u201cvery dry ground\u201d [31] (CCIR: very dry ground; granite mountains in cold regions; industrial areas [32]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 65<\/td>\n Figure 18 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex field strengths emitted around small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) over three different types of real ground
Figure 19 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted from small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) over three different types of real ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 67<\/td>\n Figure 20 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex field strengths emitted around small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole), over three different types of real ground
Figure 21 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted around small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) over three different types of real ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 68<\/td>\n Figure 22 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted at 1 000 MHz from the small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole), at horizontal distance of 10 m, 30 m and 300 m in the Z-X planeover three different types of real ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 70<\/td>\n Figure 23 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex and vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted around small horizontal electric dipole, in Y-Z and Z-X planes respectively
Figure 24 \u2013 Height scan patterns of horizontally polarized Ex field strengths emitted from small horizontal electric dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 71<\/td>\n Table 14 \u2013 Estimates of the errors in prediction of radiation in vertical directions based on a measurement height scan from 1 m to 4 m at known distances, d; frequency = 75 MHz (adapted from [39]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 73<\/td>\n Figure 25 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex and vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted around small horizontal electric dipole in Y-Z and Z-X planes respectively
Figure 26 \u2013 Height scan patterns of horizontally polarized Ex field strengths emitted small horizontal electric dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 74<\/td>\n Figure 27 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex and vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted around small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) in Y-Z and Z-X planes respectively
Figure 28 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted from small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 75<\/td>\n Table 15 \u2013 Estimates of the errors in prediction of radiation in vertical directions based on a measurement height scan from 1 m to 4 m at known distances, d; frequency = 110 MHz (adapted from [39]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 77<\/td>\n Figure 29 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted around small vertical electric dipole
Figure 30 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted from small vertical electric dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 78<\/td>\n Figure 31 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex and vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted around small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) in Y-Z and Z-X planes respectively
Figure 32 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted from small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 79<\/td>\n Figure 33 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted around small horizontal loop (vertical magnetic dipole)
Figure 34 \u2013 Height scan patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted from small horizontal loop (vertical magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 80<\/td>\n Table 16 \u2013 Estimates of the errors in prediction of radiation in vertical directions based on a measurement height scan from 1 m to 4 m at known distances, d; frequency = 243 MHz (adapted from [39]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 82<\/td>\n Figure 35 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted around small vertical electric dipole
Figure 36 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted from the small vertical electric dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 83<\/td>\n Figure 37 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized Ex and vertically oriented Ez field strengths emitted around small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) in Y-Z and ZX planes respectively
Figure 38 \u2013 Height scan patterns of vertically oriented Ez and horizontally oriented Ex field strengths emitted from small vertical loop (horizontal magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 84<\/td>\n Figure 39 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted around small horizontal loop (vertical magnetic dipole)
Figure 40 \u2013 Height scan patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted from small horizontal loop (vertical magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 85<\/td>\n Table 17 \u2013 Estimates of the errors in prediction of radiation in vertical directions based on a measurement height scan from 1 m to 4 m at known distances, d; frequency = 330 MHz (adapted from [39]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 87<\/td>\n Figure 41 \u2013 Vertical polar patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted around the small horizontal loop(vertical magnetic dipole)
Figure 42 \u2013 Height scan patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted from small horizontal loop (vertical magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 88<\/td>\n Table 18 \u2013 Estimates of the errors in prediction of radiation in vertical directions based on a measurement height scan from 1 m to 4 m at known distances, d; frequency = 1 000 MHz (adapted from [39]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 91<\/td>\n 4.5.6 Differences between the fields over a real ground and the fields over a perfect conductor
Figure 43 \u2013 Height scan patterns of horizontally polarized E-field strength emitted from small horizontal loop (vertical magnetic dipole) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 94<\/td>\n Figure 44 \u2013 Height scan patterns of the vertical component of the Efields emitted from a small vertical electric dipole
Figure 45 \u2013 Height scan patterns of the vertical component of the Efields emitted from a small vertical electric dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 96<\/td>\n Figure 46 \u2013 Height scan patterns of the horizontally polarized E-fields emitted in the vertical plane normal to the axis of a small horizontal electric dipole
Figure 47 \u2013 Height scan patterns of the horizontally polarized E-fields emitted in the vertical plane normal to the axis of a small horizontal electric dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 97<\/td>\n 4.5.7 Uncertainty ranges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 98<\/td>\n Figure 48 \u2013 Ranges of uncertainties in the predictability of radiation in vertical directions from electrically small sources located at a heightof 1 m or 2 m above ground
Figure 49 \u2013 Ranges of uncertainties in the predictability of radiation in vertical directions from electrically small sources located at a heightof 1 m or 2 m above ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 99<\/td>\n 4.5.8 Conclusions
Figure 50 \u2013 Ranges of uncertainties in the predictability of radiation in vertical directions from electrically small sources located at a heightof 1 m or 2 m above ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 100<\/td>\n 4.6 The predictability of radiation in vertical directions at frequencies up to 30 MHz
4.6.1 Range of application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 101<\/td>\n 4.6.2 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 102<\/td>\n 4.6.3 Method of calculation of the vertical radiation patterns
4.6.4 The source models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 103<\/td>\n Figure 51 \u2013 Geometry of the small vertical electric dipole model
Figure 52 \u2013 Geometry of the small horizontal electrical dipole model
Figure 53 \u2013 Geometry of the small horizontal magnetic dipole model (small vertical loop)
Figure 54 \u2013 Geometry of the small vertical magnetic dipole model (small horizontal loop) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 104<\/td>\n 4.6.5 Electrical constants of the ground
4.6.6 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 105<\/td>\n Table 19 \u2013 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at 100 kHz, using ground-based measurements of horizontally oriented H-field at distances up to 3 km from the source (figures are located in 4.6.8) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 106<\/td>\n Table 20 \u2013 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at 1 MHz, using ground-based measurements of horizontally oriented H-field at distances up to300 m from the source (figures are located in 4.6.8) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 107<\/td>\n Table 21 \u2013 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at 10 MHz, using ground-based measurements of horizontally oriented H-field at distances up to 300 m from the source (figures are located in 4.6.8) (1 of 2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 108<\/td>\n Table 22 \u2013 Predictability of radiation in vertical directions at 30 MHz, using ground-based measurements of horizontally oriented H-field at distances up to 300 m from the source (figures are located in 4.6.8) (1 of 3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 111<\/td>\n Figure 55 \u2013 Ranges of errors in the predictability of radiation in vertical directions from electrically small sources located close to the ground, based on measurements of the horizontally oriented H-field near ground at a distance of 30 m from the sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 112<\/td>\n 4.6.7 Conclusions
Figure 56 \u2013 Ranges of errors in the predictability of radiation in vertical directions from electrically small sources located close to the ground, based on measurements of the horizontally oriented H-field at the ground supplemented with measurements of the vertically oriented H-field in a height scan up to 6 m at a distance of 30 m from the sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 113<\/td>\n 4.6.8 Figures associated with predictability of radiation in vertical directions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 114<\/td>\n Figure 57 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipolelocated close to the ground
Figure 58 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 115<\/td>\n Figure 59 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 60 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 117<\/td>\n Figure 61 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 62 \u2013 Influence of a wide range of values of the electrical constants of the ground on the vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 118<\/td>\n Figure 63 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipolelocated close to the ground
Figure 64 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 119<\/td>\n Figure 65 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 66 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of H-fields emitted by small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 120<\/td>\n Figure 67 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground
Figure 68 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 121<\/td>\n Figure 69 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop)located close to the ground
Figure 70 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop)located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 123<\/td>\n Figure 71 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop)located close to the ground
Figure 72 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop)located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 124<\/td>\n Figure 73 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop)located close to the ground
Figure 74 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop)located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 125<\/td>\n Figure 75 \u2013 Vertical radiation pattern of the E-field emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop)located close to the ground
Figure 76 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop)located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 126<\/td>\n Figure 77 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipolelocated close to the ground
Figure 78 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 127<\/td>\n Figure 79 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 80 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 128<\/td>\n Figure 81 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented Hfields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipolelocated close to the ground
Figure 82 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 130<\/td>\n Figure 83 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 84 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop)located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 131<\/td>\n Figure 85 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground
Figure 86 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 132<\/td>\n Figure 87 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground
Figure 88 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 133<\/td>\n Figure 89 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground
Figure 90 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 134<\/td>\n Figure 91 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground
Figure 92 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 135<\/td>\n Figure 93 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 94 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 137<\/td>\n Figure 95 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 96 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 138<\/td>\n Figure 97 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 98 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 140<\/td>\n Figure 99 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-field emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground
Figure 100 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the vertically polarized E-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 141<\/td>\n Figure 101 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-field emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground
Figure 102 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 142<\/td>\n Figure 103 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 104 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the vertically polarized E-fields emitted by a small vertical electric dipolelocated close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 143<\/td>\n Figure 105 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 106 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipolelocated close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 144<\/td>\n Figure 107 \u2013 Influence of a wide range of values of the electrical constants of the ground on the vertical radiation patterns of the horizontally oriented H-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipole located close to the ground
Figure 108 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the vertically polarized E-fields emitted by a small horizontal electric dipolelocated close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 146<\/td>\n Figure 109 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop)located close to the ground
Figure 110 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the vertically polarized E-fields emitted by a small horizontal magnetic dipole (vertical loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 147<\/td>\n Figure 111 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the H-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground
Figure 112 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of the E-fields emitted by a small vertical magnetic dipole (horizontal loop) located close to the ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 148<\/td>\n 4.7 Correlation between amplitude probability distribution (APD) characteristics of disturbance and performance of digital communication systems
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Influence on a wireless LAN system
Figure 113 \u2013 Set-up for measuring communication quality degradation of a wireless LAN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 149<\/td>\n Table 23 \u2013 Conditions for measuring communication quality degradation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 150<\/td>\n Figure 114 \u2013 APD characteristics of disturbance
Table 24 \u2013 Average and RMS values of noise level normalized by N0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 151<\/td>\n 4.7.3 Influence on a Bluetooth system
Figure 115 \u2013 Wireless LAN throughput influenced by noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 152<\/td>\n Figure 116 \u2013 Set-up for measuring the communication quality degradation of Bluetooth
Figure 117 \u2013 APD of disturbance of actual MWO (2 441MHz)
Table 25 \u2013 Conditions for measuring communication quality degradation of Bluetooth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 153<\/td>\n Figure 118 \u2013 APD characteristics of disturbance (2 460 MHz)
Table 26 \u2013 Average and RMS values of noise level normalized by N0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 154<\/td>\n Table 27 \u2013 Average and RMS values of noise level normalized by N0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 155<\/td>\n 4.7.4 Influence on a W-CDMA system
Figure 119 \u2013 Throughput of Bluetooth influenced by noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 156<\/td>\n Figure 120 \u2013 Set-up for measuring the BER of W-CDMA
Table 28 \u2013 Conditions for measuring communication quality degradation of W-CDMA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 157<\/td>\n Figure 121 \u2013 APD characteristics of disturbance
Table 29 \u2013 Average and RMS values of noise level normalized by N0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 158<\/td>\n 4.7.5 Influence on Personal Handy Phone System (PHS)
Figure 122 \u2013 BER of W-CDMA caused by radiation noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 159<\/td>\n Figure 123 \u2013 Set-up for measuring the PHS throughput
Figure 124 \u2013 Set-up for measuring the BER of PHS
Table 30 \u2013 Conditions for measuring the PHS throughput
Table 31 \u2013 Conditions for measuring the BER of PHS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 160<\/td>\n Figure 125 \u2013 APD characteristics of disturbance
Table 32 \u2013 Average and RMS values of noise level normalized by N0 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 161<\/td>\n Figure 126 \u2013 PHS throughput caused by radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 162<\/td>\n 4.7.6 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters and system performance
Figure 127 \u2013 BER of PHS caused by radiation noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 163<\/td>\n Figure 128 \u2013 Correlation of the disturbance voltageswith the system performance (C\/N0)
Figure 129 \u2013 Correlation of the disturbance voltages with the system performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 164<\/td>\n Figure 130 \u2013 Correlation of the disturbance voltages with the system performance
Figure 131 \u2013 Correlation of the disturbance voltages with the system performance (C\/N0) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 165<\/td>\n 4.7.7 Quantitative correlation between noise parameters of repetition pulse and system performance of PHS and W-CDMA (BER)
Figure 132 \u2013 Correlation of the disturbance voltages with the system performance (C\/N0)
Figure 133 \u2013 Experimental set-up for measuring communication quality degradation of a PHS or W-CDMA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 166<\/td>\n Figure 134 \u2013 Simulation set-up for estimating communication quality degradation of a PHS or W-CDMA
Figure 135 \u2013 APD of pulse disturbance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 167<\/td>\n Figure 136 \u2013 BER degradation of PHS and W-CDMA caused by repetition pulse (Carrier power, \u201335 dBm)
Figure 137 \u2013 Evaluation method of the correlation between BER and APD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 168<\/td>\n 4.8 Background material on the definition of the RMS-average weighting detector for measuring receivers
4.8.1 General \u2013 purpose of weighted measurement of disturbance
Figure 138 \u2013 Correlation between measured \u0394 LBER and \u0394 LAPD
Figure 139 \u2013 Correlation between measured pBER and pAPD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 169<\/td>\n 4.8.2 General principle of weighting \u2013 the CISPR quasi-peak detector
4.8.3 Other detectors defined in CISPR 16-1-1
Figure 140 \u2013 Weighting curves of quasi-peak measuring receiversfor the different frequency ranges as defined in CISPR 16-1-1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 170<\/td>\n 4.8.4 Procedures for measuring pulse weighting characteristics of digital radiocommunications services
Figure 141 \u2013 Weighting curves for peak, quasi-peak, RMS and linear average detectors for CISPR bands C and D <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 171<\/td>\n Figure 142 \u2013 Test setup for the measurement of the pulse weighting characteristics of a digital radiocommunication system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 172<\/td>\n Figure 143 \u2013 Example of an interference spectrum: pulse modulated carrier with a pulse duration of 0,2 \u03bcs and a PRF < 10 kHz
Table 33 \u2013 Overview of types of interference used in the experimental study of weighting characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 173<\/td>\n 4.8.5 Theoretical studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 174<\/td>\n Figure 144 \u2013 The RMS and peak levels for constant BEP for three K = 3, convolutional codes of different rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 175<\/td>\n 4.8.6 Experimental results
Figure 145 \u2013 The RMS and peak levels for constant BEP for two rate \u00bd, convolutional code <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 176<\/td>\n Table 34 \u2013 DRM radio stations received for the measurement of the weighting characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 177<\/td>\n Figure 146 \u2013 Test setup for the measurement of weighting curves for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 178<\/td>\n Figure 147 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DRM signals for various pulse widths of the pulse-modulated carrier <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 179<\/td>\n Figure 148 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DRM protection level 0: average of results for two receivers
Figure 149 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DRM protection level 1: average of results for two receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 180<\/td>\n Table 35 \u2013 Comparison of BER values for the same interference level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 181<\/td>\n Figure 150 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DVB-T with 64 QAM 2k, CR 3\/4(as used in France and UK)
Table 36 \u2013 Transmission parameters of DVB-T systems used in various countries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 182<\/td>\n Figure 151 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DVB-T with 64 QAM 8k, CR 3\/4(as used in Spain)
Figure 152 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DVB-T with 16 QAM 8k, CR 2\/3(as used in Germany) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 183<\/td>\n Figure 153 \u2013 Average weighting characteristics of 6 receiver types for DVB-T with 16QAM
Figure 154 \u2013 Average weighting characteristics of 6 receiver types for DVB-T with 64QAM <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 184<\/td>\n Figure 155 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DAB (signal level -71 dBm) with a flat response down to approximately 1 kHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 185<\/td>\n Figure 156 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DAB: average of two different commercial receiver types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 186<\/td>\n Figure 157 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for TETRA (signal level \u2013 80 dBm) for a code rate of 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 187<\/td>\n Figure 158 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for RBER 1b of GSM (signal level \u201390 dBm)
Figure 159 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for RBER 2 of GSM <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 188<\/td>\n Figure 160 \u2013 Carrier-to-interference improvements with decreasing PRF in dB computed for GSM using COSSAP
Figure 161 \u2013 RMS and quasi-peak values of pulse level for constant effect on FM radio reception <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 189<\/td>\n Figure 162 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for RBER 1b of GSM (signal level \u201390 dBm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 190<\/td>\n Figure 163 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for DECT (signal level \u201383 dBm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 191<\/td>\n Figure 164 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for IS-95 (signal level -97 dBm) with comparatively high immunity to interference
Figure 165 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for J-STD 008 (signal level \u201397 dBm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 192<\/td>\n Figure 166 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for the Frame Error Ratio (FER) of CDMA2000 (measured at a receive signal level of \u2013112 dBm) for a low data rate of 9,6 kb\/s
Figure 167 \u2013 Weighting characteristics for the Frame Error Ratio (FER) of CDMA2000 (measured at a receive signal level of \u2013106 dBm) for two different data rates (9,6 kb\/s and 76,8 kb\/s) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 193<\/td>\n 4.8.7 Effects of spread-spectrum clock interference on wideband radiocommunication signal reception
Table 37 \u2013 Example of measurement results in dB((V) of unmodulated and FM modulated carriers for various detectors (bandwidth 120 kHz) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 194<\/td>\n 4.8.8 Analysis of the various weighting characteristics and proposal of a weighting detector
Table 38 \u2013 Survey of the corner frequencies foundin the various measurement results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 195<\/td>\n Figure 168 \u2013 The proposed RMS-average detector for CISPR Bands C and D with a corner frequency of 100 Hz
Figure 169 \u2013 RMS-average detector function by using an RMS detector followed by a linear average detector and peak reading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 196<\/td>\n 4.8.9 Properties of the RMS-average weighting detector
Figure 170 \u2013 RMS-average weighting functions for CISPR Bands A, B, C\/D and E for the shortest pulse widths allowed by the measurement bandwidths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 197<\/td>\n Figure 171 \u2013 Shift of the RMS-average weighting function for CISPR band C\/D by using a bandwidth of 1 MHz instead of 120 kHz, if the shortest possible pulse widths are applied <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 198<\/td>\n 4.9 Common mode absorption devices (CMAD)
4.9.1 General
Table 39 \u2013 Measurement results for broadband disturbance sources (measurements with RMS-average and quasi-peak detectors are normalized to average detector values) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 199<\/td>\n Figure 172 \u2013 Example of a simple EUT model
Table 40 \u2013 Expected deviations between different laboratories for small EUTs due to variations of the impedance Zapparent at point B <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 200<\/td>\n 4.9.2 CMAD as a two-port device
Figure 173 \u2013 Representation of a CMAD as a two-port device <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 203<\/td>\n Figure 174 \u2013 Conformal mapping between z-plane and f-plane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 204<\/td>\n 4.9.3 Measurement of CMAD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 205<\/td>\n Figure 175 \u2013 Conversion from 50 \u03a9 coaxial system to the geometry of the two-port device-under-test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 206<\/td>\n Figure 176 \u2013 Basic model for the TRL calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 207<\/td>\n Figure 177 \u2013 The four calibration configurations necessary for the TRL calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 208<\/td>\n Table 41 \u2013 Calibration measurement results format <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 211<\/td>\n Figure 178 \u2013 Measurement of CMAD characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 213<\/td>\n Figure 179 \u2013 Preliminary measurements of the test set-up <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 214<\/td>\n 4.10 Background on the definition of the FFT-based receiver
4.10.1 General
Figure 180 \u2013 Position of the reference planes for the measurement with SOLT calibration and ABCD transformation to Zref level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 215<\/td>\n 4.10.2 Tuned selective voltmeters and spectrum analyzers
4.10.3 General principle of a tuned selective voltmeter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 216<\/td>\n 4.10.4 FFT-based receivers \u2013 digital signal processing
Figure 181 \u2013 Superheterodyne EMI receiver <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 218<\/td>\n Figure 182 \u2013 An example spectrogram Z[m,k] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 220<\/td>\n 4.10.5 Measurement errors specific to FFT processing
Figure 183 \u2013 Sidelobe effect due to the finite length of window <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 221<\/td>\n Figure 184 \u2013 Measurement error for a single pulse <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 222<\/td>\n 4.10.6 FFT-based receivers \u2013 examples
Figure 185 \u2013 IF signal for different overlapping factors for the same sequence of pulses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 223<\/td>\n Figure 186 \u2013 FFT-based baseband system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 224<\/td>\n Figure 187 \u2013 Real-time FFT-based measuring instrument
Figure 188 \u2013 Digital down-converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 225<\/td>\n Figure 189 \u2013 Short time fast Fourier transform \u2013 An example of implementation
Figure 190 \u2013 Floating-point analogue-to-digital conversion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 226<\/td>\n Figure 191 \u2013 Example of a 120 kHz Gaussian filter
Table 42 \u2013 Scan times <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 227<\/td>\n Figure 192 \u2013 Essential parts of an FFT-based heterodyne receiver <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 229<\/td>\n Figure 193 \u2013 Dynamic range for broadband emission as measured with the peak detector
Figure 194 \u2013 Set-up of FFT-based system type 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 230<\/td>\n Table 43 \u2013 Sampling rates for different BWIF <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 231<\/td>\n Table 44 \u2013 Scan times for a scan 30 MHz to 1 GHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 232<\/td>\n Figure 195 \u2013 FFT Software (\u201cFFTemi\u201d) screen shot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 233<\/td>\n Figure 196 \u2013 Example of pulse generator measurement with antenna
Figure 197 \u2013 Radiated emission measurement of a motor \u2013 peak detector <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 234<\/td>\n Figure 198 \u2013 Angular characterization of a PC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 235<\/td>\n 4.11 Parameters of signals at telecommunication ports
4.11.1 General
Figure 199 \u2013 Example FFT IF analysis display <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 236<\/td>\n 4.11.2 Estimation of common mode disturbance levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 237<\/td>\n 4.12 Background on CDNE equipment and measurement method
4.12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 238<\/td>\n 4.12.2 Historical overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 239<\/td>\n Figure 200 \u2013 Equivalent radiated measurement methods (30 MHz to 300 MHz)
Figure 201 \u2013 Measured relationship between field strength Ez and CM current Icm for various termination resistances R <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 241<\/td>\n Figure 202 \u2013 Modelled relationship between field strength Ez and CM current Icm using EUT height 0,8 m, measurement distance 3 m, receive antenna height 1 m
Figure 203 \u2013 Limit for the terminal voltage at the CDN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 242<\/td>\n 4.12.3 From CDN to CDNE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 243<\/td>\n Figure 204 \u2013 Results of a Philips 11-lab internal CDN RRT usingan artificial class 1 EUT \u2013 expanded uncertainty nearly 10 dB <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 244<\/td>\n Figure 205 \u2013 Block diagram for CDNE-measurement method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 245<\/td>\n 4.13 Background on LLAS, validation and measurement method
4.13.1 General
4.13.2 Historical overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 246<\/td>\n 4.13.3 Models and equations for the LLAS method
5 Background and history of CISPR
5.1 The history of CISPR
5.1.1 The early years: 1934-1984 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 248<\/td>\n 5.1.2 The division of work <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 249<\/td>\n 5.1.3 The computer years: 1984 to 1998
5.1.4 The people in CISPR <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 250<\/td>\n 5.2 Historical background to the method of measurement of the interference power produced by electrical household and similar appliances in the VHF range
5.2.1 Historical detail <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 251<\/td>\n 5.2.2 Development of the method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 253<\/td>\n Annexes
Annex A (informative) Derivation of the formula <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 254<\/td>\n Figure A.1 \u2013 Example plot using the expression <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 256<\/td>\n Figure A.2 \u2013 Examples of a number of microwaves measured for Pq and Pt <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 257<\/td>\n Annex B (informative) The field-strength distribution
B.1 General
B.2 Ho-field expressions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 258<\/td>\n Figure B.1 \u2013 Definition of the ring-shaped area round the transmitter T <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 259<\/td>\n B.3 Hi field expressions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 260<\/td>\n B.4 Eo-field expressions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 261<\/td>\n Annex C (informative) The induced asymmetrical open-circuit voltage distribution
C.1 General
C.2 H-field-based relations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 262<\/td>\n Figure C.1 \u2013 The permissible ranges of Uh and G are within the polygon {GL,Ua}, {GL,Ub}, {GU,Ud}, {GI,Uc} and {GL,Ua}. For the given value UL the double-shaded area represents pr {Uh \u2265 UL} <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 263<\/td>\n C.3 E-field-based relations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 264<\/td>\n Annex D (informative) The outlet-voltage distribution
D.1 General
D.2 H-field-based relations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 265<\/td>\n D.3 E-field-based relations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 266<\/td>\n Annex E (informative) Some mathematical relations
E.1 General
E.2 The error function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 267<\/td>\n E.3 Application to the lognormal distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 268<\/td>\n Annex F (informative) Harmonic fields radiated at elevated angles from 27 MHz ISM equipment over real ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 270<\/td>\n Figure F.1 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of horizontally polarized fields,109 MHz, 300 m scan radius (adapted from [34]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 271<\/td>\n Figure F.2 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of horizontally polarized fields,109 MHz, 300 m scan radius (adapted from [34]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 272<\/td>\n Figure F.3 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of horizontally polarized fields,109 MHz, 300 m scan radius (adapted from [34]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 273<\/td>\n Figure F.4 \u2013 Vertical radiation patterns of horizontally polarized fields,109 MHz, 300 m scan radius (adapted from [34]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 274<\/td>\n Annex G (informative) Models and equations associated with the LLAS method
G.1 General
G.2 Response of an LAS to a magnetic field dipole
G.2.1 Magnetic field strength model of a disturbance source
Figure G.1 \u2013 Geometry and coordination system for a single magnetic field dipole <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 275<\/td>\n G.2.2 Response of an LAS to a magnetic field dipole
Figure G.2 \u2013 Configuration of measurement of an EUT in an LLA with two slits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 276<\/td>\n Figure G.3 \u2013 Transformer model representation of a disturbance source inside an LLA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 279<\/td>\n G.2.3 Sensitivity of an LLAS for different diameters
Figure G.4 \u2013 Transfer functions , and their product (expressed in dB)as a function of frequency for a 2 m LLAS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 280<\/td>\n G.2.4 Limitation of application of the relative sensitivity curves
Figure G.5 \u2013 Sensitivity SD of an LLAS with diameter D relative to an LLAS with 2 m diameter (Figure C.11 of CISPR 16-1-4:2019 [102]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 281<\/td>\n G.3 Response of LLAS to the LLAS verification dipole
G.3.1 Relation of LLA current and voltage applied to the LLAS verification dipole
Figure G.6 \u2013 Setup of the LLAS verification dipole for verification of an LLAS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 282<\/td>\n G.3.2 Calculation of mutual inductance: the original method
G.3.3 Calculation of mutual inductance: the improved method
G.3.4 Derivation of the equation for the reference validation factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 284<\/td>\n Figure G.7 \u2013 Geometry model of LLA for numerical computation of Neumann integral [113]
Figure G.8 \u2013 LLAS verification dipole excluding the coupling effect from the LLAS loops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 285<\/td>\n G.3.5 Replication of the original version of the reference validation factor
G.3.6 Calculation of the improved reference validation factor
Figure G.9 \u2013 Network model representation of the LLAS verification dipole fed by a generator source and the LLA
Figure G.10 \u2013 First version of the reference validation factor for an LLA of 2 mdiameter (Figure C.8 of CISPR 16-1-4:2010 [102]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 286<\/td>\n Figure G.11 \u2013 Reference validation factors for an LLA of 2 m, 3 m and 4 mdiameter (Figure C.8 of CISPR 16-1-4:2019 and CISPR 16-1-4:2019\/AMD1:2020 [102]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 287<\/td>\n G.3.7 NEC2 method
Figure G.12 \u2013 Relative sensitivities of the LLAS verification dipole for an LLAS with different diameters (relative to an LLAS of 2 m diameter)
Figure G.13 \u2013 Comparison of analytical and numerical (NEC2) calculations of the reference validation factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 288<\/td>\n G.4 Magnetic field strength of a magnetic field dipole above a ground plane
G.4.1 Model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 289<\/td>\n G.4.2 Replication of Figure C.10
Figure G.14 \u2013 Magnetic field dipole moment of a small loop radiator in free space
Figure G.15 \u2013 EUT above a ground plane and the coordinate system and possible magnetic field dipole orientations
Figure G.16 \u2013 Magnetic field strength resulting from a source and its image below the ground plane (side view) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 290<\/td>\n Figure G.17 \u2013 Magnetic field strength expressed in dB(\u00b5A\/m) of three magnetic field dipole orientations at three distances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 291<\/td>\n G.4.3 Conversion factors for calculating magnetic field strength at other distances
Figure G.18 \u2013 Conversion factors CdA [for conversion into dB(\u03bcA\/m)] for three standard measurement distances d (replicated Figure C.10 of CISPR 16-1-4:2010; exclusive the 30 m curve [102])
Figure G.19 \u2013 Conversion factors for calculating magnetic field strength at 10 m or 30 m <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 292<\/td>\n G.5 LLAS validation criterion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 293<\/td>\n Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – CISPR technical reports<\/b><\/p>\n
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\n Published By<\/td>\n Publication Date<\/td>\n Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n 2020<\/td>\n 302<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":361987,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[625,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-361979","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-33-100-10","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/361979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/361987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=361979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=361979"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=361979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}