{"id":384562,"date":"2024-10-20T03:26:45","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T03:26:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/aci-445-2-2021\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T06:16:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T06:16:18","slug":"aci-445-2-2021","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/aci\/aci-445-2-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"ACI 445.2 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"

Strut-and-tie models (STMs) were first used at the end of the nineteenth century as a concrete design method. The method was added to ACI 318 in 2002 as Appendix A. In 2014, STM provisions were moved into the main body of the code as Chapter 23, Strut-and-Tie Method. This document focuses on the ACI 318-19 implementation of strut-and-tie modeling. The main objectives of this document are to: 1) explain the intent and application of ACI 318 STM provisions; 2) provide additional design guidance for the STM based on other design codes, specifications, and committee documents; and 3) present design recommendations from recent research publications. This document provides practical guidance to the structural design community. Keywords: D-regions; design; disturbed regions; model; node; strut; tie.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nTITLE PAGE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCHAPTER 1\u2014INTRODUCTION
1.1\u2014Background
1.2\u2014Objectives
CHAPTER 2\u2014NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
2.1\u2014Notation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n2.2\u2014Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nCHAPTER 3\u2014OVERVIEW OF THE STRUT-AND-TIE MODEL DESIGN PROCEDURE
3.1\u2014Introduction
3.2\u2014Overview of the strut-and-tie method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n3.3\u2014Conceptual example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n3.4\u2014Historical development of the strut-and-tie method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nCHAPTER 4\u2014DESIGN STRENGTH OF STRUTS, TIES, AND NODES
4.1\u2014Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n4.2\u2014Strut and node types and factors influencing strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4.3\u2014STM strength requirements
4.4\u2014Strength and requirements for struts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.5\u2014Strength and requirements for ties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.6\u2014Strength and requirements for nodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nCHAPTER 5\u2014MODELING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
5.1\u2014Introduction
5.2\u2014Influence of model topology on performance of complex D-regions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.3\u2014Guidance to selection of STM shapes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n5.4\u2014Calculating member forces and stresses in complex D-regions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n5.5\u2014Comparison of sectional and STM design of transverse reinforcement in a B-region <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n5.6\u2014Refined models for cracking of struts and the size effect <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n5.7\u2014States of stress in nodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n5.8\u2014Maximum shear stress limits in beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n5.9\u2014Member dimensions and constitutive relationships <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n5.10\u2014Reinforcement arrangement in relation to tie orientation
5.11\u2014Consideration of prestressing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n5.12\u2014Capacity evaluation of existing structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n5.13\u2014Computer-based design aids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nCHAPTER 6\u2014SERVICEABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
6.1\u2014Introduction
6.2\u2014Cracking at service limit states <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n6.3\u2014Determination of required distributed reinforcement
6.4\u2014Distributed reinforcement placement and detailing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n6.5\u2014Deflections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nCHAPTER 7\u2014IMPLEMENTATION OF STM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
7.1\u2014Introduction
7.2\u2014Deep beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n7.3\u2014Frame corners and beam-column joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n7.4\u2014Corbels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n7.5 Dapped-end beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n7.6\u2014Beams supporting beams (indirect supports) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n7.7\u2014Inverted T-beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n7.8\u2014Walls and beams with openings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n7.9\u2014Coupling beams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n7.10\u2014Footings
7.11\u2014Pile caps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n7.12\u2014Post-tensioned anchorage zones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nCHAPTER 8\u2014OTHER STM DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND GUIDE DOCUMENTS
8.1\u2014Introduction
8.2\u2014Strut-and-tie design requirements in CSA\u00a0A23.3-19 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n8.3 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n8.4\u2014FIP Recommendations (FIP 1999) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n8.5\u2014Eurocode 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n8.6\u2014fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 (fib 2013)
CHAPTER 9\u2014REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n9.1\u2014Referenced standards and reports
9.2\u2014Authored references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ACI PRC-445.2-21: Strut-and-Tie Method Guidelines for ACI 318-19 – Guide<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2021<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":384569,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2650],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-384562","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-aci","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/384562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/384569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=384562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=384562"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=384562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}