{"id":384996,"date":"2024-10-20T03:28:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T03:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/asme-ptc-18-2020\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T06:18:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T06:18:11","slug":"asme-ptc-18-2020","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/asme\/asme-ptc-18-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"ASME PTC 18 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

This Code defines procedures for field performance and acceptance testing of hydraulic turbines and pump turbines operating with water in either the turbine or pump mode. This Code applies to all sizes and types of hydraulic turbines or pump-turbines. It defines methods for ascertaining performance by measuring flow rate (discharge), head, and power, from which efficiency may be determined. Requirements are included for pretest arrangements, types of instrumentation, methods of measurement, testing procedures, methods of calculation, and contents of test reports. This Code also contains recommended procedures for index testing and describes the purposes for which index tests may be used.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nNOTICE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nASME PTC COMMITTEE ROSTER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nSection 1 Object and Scope
1-1 OBJECT
1-2 SCOPE
1-3 UNCERTAINTIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nSection 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms
2-1 DEFINITIONS
2-2 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI)
2-3 TABLES AND FIGURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n2-4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2-5 REFERENCE ELEVATION, Zc
2-6 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
2-7 SUBSCRIPTS USED THROUGHOUT THE CODE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nTables
Table 2-2-1 Conversion Factors Between SI and U.S. Customary Units of Measure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\nTable 2-3-1 Letter Symbols and Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nFIGURES
Figure 2-3-1 Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Vertical Shaft Machine With Spiral Case and Pressure Conduit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nFigure 2-3-2 Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Vertical Shaft Machine With Semi-Spiral Case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFigure 2-3-3 Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Bulb Machine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\nFigure 2-3-4 Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Horizontal Shaft Impulse Turbine (One or Two Jets) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\nFigure 2-3-5 Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Vertical Shaft Impulse Turbine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nFigure 2-5-1 Reference Elevation, Zc, of Turbines and Pump-Turbines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\nSection 3 Guiding Principles
3-1 GENERAL
3-2 PREPARATIONS FOR TESTING
3-2.1 General Precaution
3-2.2 Inspection Before Test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n3-2.3 Provisions for Testing
3-2.4 Planning a Performance Test
3-2.5 Agreements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n3-2.6 Chief of Test
3-3 TESTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n3-4 INSTRUMENTS
3-5 OPERATING CONDITIONS
3-5.1 Operating Philosophy
3-5.2 Test Run Conditions
3-5.3 Permissible Deviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n3-6 DATA RECORDS
3-6.1 True Copies
3-6.2 Original Data
3-6.3 Analysis and Interpretation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nFigure 3-5.3-1 Limits of Permissible Deviations From Specified Operation Conditions in Turbine Mode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nFigure 3-5.3-2 Limits of Permissible Deviations From Specified Operating Conditions in Pump Mode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nSection 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4-1 GENERAL
4-2 DATA ACQUISITION AND DATA PROCESSING
4-2.1 Introduction and Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n4-2.2 General requirements
4-2.3 Data acquisition
4-2.4 Component requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n4-2.5 Check of the DAS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n4-3 HEAD AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
4-3.1 Bench Marks
4-3.2 Static-Head Conditions
Figure 4-2.4.3.1-1 Time Delay
Figure 4-2.4.3.1-2 Filtering and Sampling Frequencies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n4-3.3 Free-Water Elevation
4-3.4 Measuring Wells and Stilling Boxes
4-3.5 Plate Gage
4-3.6 Point or Hook Gage
4-3.7 Float Gage
4-3.8 Staff Gage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n4-3.9 Electronic Water Level Indicator
4-3.10 Time-of-Flight Techniques
4-3.11 Liquid Manometers
4-3.12 Measurements by Means of Compressed Gas
4-3.13 Number of Devices
4-3.14 Pressure Measurement by Pressure Taps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n4-3.15 Pressure Measurement
Figure 4-3.14-1 Pressure Tap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n4-3.16 Pressure Measurement With Running Calibration
Figure 4-3.14-2 Pressure Plate Tap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n4-3.17 Determination of Gravity
4-3.18 Determination of Density of Water
4-4 FLOW MEASUREMENT
4-4.1 Introduction
Figure 4-3.15-1 Calibration Connections for Pressure Gages or Pressure Transducers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n4-4.2 Current Meter Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n4-4.3 Pressure-Time Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.3.9-1 Example of Digital Pressure\u2013Time Signal in a Short Conduit
Figure 4-4.3.9-2 Example of Digital Pressure\u2013Time Signal in a Long Conduit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n4-4.4 Ultrasonic Transit Time Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.4.1-1 Ultrasonic Method: Diagram to Illustrate Principle
Figure 4-4.4.1-2 Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers for an Eight-Path Flowmeter in a Circular Conduit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nTable 4-4.4.2-1 Integration Parameters for Ultrasonic Method: Four Paths in One Plane or Eight Paths in Two Planes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.4.3-1 Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.4.4-1 Distortion of the Velocity Profile Caused by Protruding Transducers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.4.6-1 Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers for an 18-Path Flowmeter in a Circular Conduit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.4.6-2 Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers for an 18-Path Flowmeter in a Rectangular Conduit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nTable 4-4.4.6-1 Integration Parameters for Ultrasonic Method: Nine Paths in One Plane or 18 Paths in Two Planes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.4.11-1 Locations for Measurements of D <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n4-4.5 Dye Dilution Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.5.1-1 Schematic Representation of Dye Dilution Technique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.5.2.1-1 Experimental Results: Allowable Variation in Tracer Concentration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nFigure 4-4.5.2.4-1 Typical Chart Recording During Sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n4-5 THERMODYNAMIC METHOD FOR MEASURING EFFICIENCY
4-5.1 Principle of the Method
4-5.2 Specific Mechanical Energy, Em <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n4-5.3 Correction of Specific Mechanical Energy
Figure 4-5.2-1 General Schematic Diagram of Measuring Vessels and Balance of Energy for a Measurement With theThermodynamic Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n4-5.4 Conditions and Limitations
4-5.5 Measurement of Specific Mechanical Energy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n4-5.6 Measuring Sections and Sampling Conditions
4-5.7 Instrumentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nFigure 4-5.7.2-1 Example of a Sampling Probe
Table 4-5.6-1 Recommendations for the High Pressure Side Measuring Section
Table 4-5.6-2 Recommendations for the Low Pressure Side Measuring Section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n4-5.8 Repetition of Measurements
4-5.9 Particular Flow Arrangements
Figure 4-5.7.2-2 Determination of the Correction in Em for Heat Transfer in the Water-Sampling Circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n4-5.10 Limit of Corrections
4-5.11 Uncertainty of Measurement
4-6 POWER MEASUREMENT
4-6.1 Indirect Method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nFigure 4-6.1-1 Three-Wattmeter Connection Diagram
Figure 4-6.1-2 Two-Wattmeter Connection Diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nFigure 4-6.1-3 Measuring Instrument Burden
(a) Typical Each Voltage Phase <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n4-6.2 Windage and Friction
4-6.3 Speed Increaser Losses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n4-7 SPEED MEASUREMENT
4-7.1 General
4-7.2 A-C Interconnected Power Grid
4-7.3 Isolated Alternating Current Systems, Variable Speed Machines or Short-Term Measurements
4-7.4 Induction Generators and Motors or Direct Current System
4-8 TIME MEASUREMENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nSection 5 Computation of Results
5-1 MEASURED VALUES: DATA REDUCTION
5-2 CONVERSION OF TEST RESULTS TO SPECIFIED CONDITIONS
5-2.1 Turbine Mode \u2014 Conversion to Specified Head <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n5-2.2 Pump Mode \u2014 Conversion to Specified Speed
5-2.3 Conversion to Specified Temperature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n5-3 EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY
5-4 COMPARISON WITH GUARANTEES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nSection 6 Final Report
6-1 Components of the Final Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nSection 7 Uncertainty
7-1 BASIS FOR UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION
7-2 SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
7-3 GENERAL APPROACH WITH TURBINE EFFICIENCY EXAMPLE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n7-3.1 Correlated Uncertainties
7-3.2 Sensitivity Coefficients
Table 7-3-1 Two-Tailed Student\u2019s t Table for the 95% Confidence Level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n7-3.3 Uncertainty of a Result
7-3.4 Combining Uncertainties for Common Mathematical Operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n7-3.5 Application Over a Range of Operating Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n7-3.6 Outliers
7-3.7 Typical Values of Uncertainty
Table 7-3.6-1 Modified Thompson \u03c4 (at the 5% Significance Level) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nTable I-1-1 Acceleration of Gravity as a Function of Latitude and Elevation, SI Units (m\/s2)
MANDATORY APPENDIX I TABLES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
I-1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nTable I-1-1C Acceleration of Gravity as a Function of Latitude and Elevation, U.S. Customary Units (ft\/sec2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nTable I-1-2 Vapor Pressure of Distilled Water as a Function of Temperature, SI Units (kPa)
Table I-1-2C Vapor Pressure of Distilled Water as a Function of Temperature, U.S. Customary Units (lbf\/in.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nTable I-1-3 Density of Dry Air, SI Units (kg\/m3)
Table I-1-3C Density of Dry Air, U.S. Customary Units (slug\/ft3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nTable I-1-4 Density of Mercury, SI Units (kg\/m3)
Table I-1-4C Density of Mercury, U.S. Customary Units (slugs\/ft3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nTable I-1-5 Atmospheric Pressure, SI Units (kPa)
Table I-1-5C Atmospheric Pressure, U.S. Customary Units (lbf\/in.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nTable I-1-6 Density of Water as Function of Temperature and Pressure, SI Units (kg\/m\u00b3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nTable I-1-6C Density of Water as Function of Temperature and Pressure, U.S. Customary Units (slug\/ft\u00b3) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nTable I-1-6.1 Coefficients Ii, Ji, and ni <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nTable I-1-7 Specific Heat Capacity of Water, cp (J\/kg K), SI Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nTable I-1-7C Specific Heat Capacity of Water, cp, (Btu\/lbm \u00b0F), U.S. Customary Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nTable I-1-8 Isothermal Throttling Coefficient of Water \u03b4T (10\u22123 m3\/kg), SI Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nTable I-1-8C Isothermal Throttling Coefficient of Water \u03b4T (10\u22123 ft3\/lbm), U.S. Customary Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nTable I-1-9 Coefficients Ii, Ji, and ni <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDICES
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A RELATIVE FLOW MEASUREMENT \u2014 INDEX TEST
A-1 DEFINITIONS
A-2 APPLICATION
A-3 RELATIVE FLOW RATE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nFigure A-3.2-1 Location of Winter\u2013Kennedy Pressure Taps in Spiral Case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nFigure A-3.6-1 Location of Differential Pressure Taps in Bulb Turbine <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nA-4 COMPUTATION OF INDEX TEST RESULTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nFigure A-3.9-1 Effect of Variations in Exponent on Relative Flow Rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nA-5 ASSESSMENT OF INDEX TEST ERRORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX B NET HEAD AND NPSH DETERMINATION IN SPECIAL CASES
B-1 PURPOSE
B-2 APPLICATION
B-3 VARIABLES
B-4 FLOW RATE, Q
B-5 TOTAL HEAD OF HIGH PRESSURE SECTION, H1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nB-6 TOTAL HEAD OF LOW PRESSURE SECTION, H2
B-7 DETERMINATION OF NET HEAD, HN
B-8 DETERMINATION OF NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nFigure B-6.1 Low Pressure and Draft Tube Exit Sections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX C ACOUSTIC SCINTILLATION METHOD OF DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
C-1 GENERAL
C-2 PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nFigure C-2-1 Schematic Representation of ASM Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\nFigure C-2.1-1 ASM Typical Arrangement \u2014 Fixed Frame in a Three-Bay Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nFigure C-2.1-2 Profiling Frame
C-3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\nFigure C-3.1-1 Illustration of the Relation Between Wake Merging and ASM Bias <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nFigure C-3.1-2 Illustration of Adjacent Wakes in a Converging Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\nFigure C-3.3-1 Definition of Geometric Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\nFigure D-1-1 Definition Sketch for the Pressure\u2013Time Method
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D DERIVATION OF THE PRESSURE\u2013TIME FLOW INTEGRAL FOR NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
D-1 GENERAL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX E RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TESTING AERATING TURBINES FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN IMPROVEMENT
E-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
E-2 GENERAL ISSUES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nTable E-1.1-1 Aeration-Related Terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\nFigure E-2.2.2-1 Example of Ratio of Oxygen Transferred to the Dissolved State to the Total Oxygen Supplied by theDO Enhancing Turbine
E-3 METHODS OF AERATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\nFigure E-3-1 Representative Distributor Section of a Francis Turbine Showing Distributed (Green), Central Shaft (Blue), Central Vacuum Breaker (Red) and Peripheral (Yellow) Air Injection Locations
E-4 GUIDING PRINCIPLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nFigure E-4.4-1 Limits of the Existence of the Vortex Core <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\nFigure E-5.1-1 Schematic of Field Verification of Aerating Turbine
E-5 RECOMMENDATIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nFigure E-5.2.1-1 Typical Flow Characteristics of Common Valve Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nFigure E-5.3.1-1 Example of Dissolved Oxygen Measured in Different Locations Downstream of the Power House <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nFigure E-5.4.1-1 Example of Oxygen Mass Balance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\nFigure E-5.4.1-2 Example of Oxygen Exchange Efficiency
Figure E-5.4.1-4 Power Loss Due to Central Aeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nFigure E-5.4.1-3 Example of Efficiency Change Due to Central Aeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\nE-6 EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nTable E-6-3 Calculation of Weighted Average Air\/Water Ratio
Table E-6-4 Calculation of Weighted Average DO Increase
Table E-6-5 Results of Field Test of DO Enhancement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nTable E-6-6 Calculation of Tested Weighted Average DO Increase
E-7 REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASME PTC 18 – 2020 (R2016) Hydraulic Turbines and Pump-Turbines<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASME<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":385003,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2643],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-384996","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-asme","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/384996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/385003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=384996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=384996"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=384996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}