{"id":407770,"date":"2024-10-20T05:27:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T05:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-c57-104-2019-4\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T09:55:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T09:55:11","slug":"ieee-c57-104-2019-4","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-c57-104-2019-4\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE C57.104-2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Revision Standard – Active. Detailed procedures for interpreting Dissolved Gas Analysis results are described in this guide. The document details: 1) Overview of gas generation in transformer and DGA process; 2) The purpose and application of DGA; 3) DGA quality verification and DGA limitations; 4) DGA interpretation and norms; 5) Fault type definitions and identification; 6) Case studies and interpretation example. The intent is to provide the operator with useful information concerning the serviceability of the equipment. An extensive bibliography on gas evolution, detection, and interpretation is included.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nIEEE Std C57.104\u2122-2019 Front Cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nTitle Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nImportant Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nParticipants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n1. Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n2. Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4. The nature, purpose, and application of dissolved-gas analysis
4.1 The nature of dissolved-gas analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.2 The purpose of DGA
4.3 The application of DGA
4.3.1 Basic risk management <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.3.2 Detection and monitoring of abnormalities
4.3.3 Quality assurance metric <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4.3.4 DGA samples following a transformer trip
4.4 DGA sampling context <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n4.5 Procedures for obtaining samples from the transformer for laboratory analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5. DGA data interpretation
5.1 Data quality review <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.1.1 Transcription and typographical errors
5.1.2 Missing or duplicated data
5.1.3 Misidentified or swapped sample
5.1.4 Sample mishandling
5.1.4.1 Air exposure
5.1.4.2 Air contamination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.1.5 Cross contamination
5.1.6 Inconsistent values
5.1.7 Chronically absent or low hydrogen
5.1.8 Inconsistent O2\/N2 ratio
5.2 Reliability of DGA results
5.2.1 Accuracy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n5.2.2 Consistency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n5.3 Context of DGA data interpretation
5.3.1 Initial verification test protocol <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n6. Suggested interpretation procedures for DGA results
6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n6.1.1 DGA interpretation procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative)Data research and findings
A.1 Data collection and preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nA.2 Dataset characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nA.3 Future work <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative)DGA data(Evaluating the rate of gas level change
B.1 Impact of DGA limitations on the selection and use of rate norms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nB.2 Example 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nB.3 Example 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nB.4 Example 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nB.5 General application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative)Typical faults
C.1 The six basic types of faults
C.2 Additional sub-types of faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative)Fault identification methods
D.1 Key Gas method
D.2 Doernenburg Ratios method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nD.3 Duval Pentagon 1 method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nD.4 Duval Triangles 1, 4 and 5 methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nD.5 Duval Pentagon 2 method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative)Case studies
E.1 Unintentional core ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nE.2 LV connections issues <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nE.3 Internal transformer arcing causes relay protective action <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nE.4 De-energized tap changer (DETC) high resistance connection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nE.5 Broken connector on fuse holder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative)Evaluation of fault severity\u2014alternative method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative)Historical material
G.1 (4) General theory
G.1.1 (4.1) Cellulosic decomposition
G.1.2 (4.2) Oil decomposition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nG.2 (6.3) Determining the gas space and dissolved gas-in-oil equivalents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nG.3 (6.5.1) Determining the transformer condition and operating procedure utilizing TCG in the gas space <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nG.4 (6.7.1) Evaluation of possible fault type by the Doernenburg Ratio method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nG.5 (7) Instruments for detecting and determining the amount of dissolved gases present
G.5.1 (7.1) Portable instruments
G.5.2 (9.4) Determination of individual gases present in the gas blanket <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nAnnex H (informative)Bibliography
H.1 Gas evolution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nH.2 Detection and interpretation
H.2.1 Gas detector relay
H.2.2 Gas cushion in sealed transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nH.2.3 Dissolved gas in insulating liquid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nBack Cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Mineral Oil-Immersed Transformers (Redline)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2019<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":407777,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-407770","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/407770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/407777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=407770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=407770"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=407770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}