{"id":408067,"date":"2024-10-20T05:28:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T05:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-626812022\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T09:57:22","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T09:57:22","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-tr-626812022","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-626812022\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC TR 62681:2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n4 Electric field and ion current
4.1 Description of the physical phenomena <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Monopolar and bipolar space charge regions of an HVDC transmission line [1] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4.2 Calculation methods
4.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n4.2.2 Semi-analytic method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.2.3 Finite element method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n4.2.4 BPA method
4.2.5 Empirical methods of EPRI <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.2.6 Recent progress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.3 Experimental data
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Instrumentation and measurement methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n4.3.3 Experimental results for electric field and ion current
4.3.4 Discussion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n4.4 Implication for human and nature
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Static electric field <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n4.4.3 Research on space charge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n4.4.4 Scientific review <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n4.5 Design practice of different countries
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Electric field and ion current limits of \u00b1800 kV DC lines in China
Table 2 \u2013 Electric field limits of DC lines in United States of America [121]
Table 3 \u2013 Electric field and ion current limits of DC lines in Canada
Table 4 \u2013 Electric field limits of DC lines in Brazil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n5 Magnetic field
5.1 Description of physical phenomena
5.2 Magnetic field of HVDC transmission lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6 Radio interference
6.1 Description of radio interference phenomena of HVDC transmission system
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Physical aspects of DC corona
Figure 2 \u2013 Lateral profile of magnetic field on the ground of \u00b1800 kV HVDC lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n6.1.3 Mechanism of formation of a noise field of DC line
6.1.4 Characteristics of radio interference from DC line
Figure 3 \u2013 The corona current I and radio interference magnetic field H <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.1.5 Factors influencing the RI from DC line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n6.2 Calculation methods
6.2.1 EPRI empirical formula <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n6.2.2 IREQ empirical method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n6.2.3 CISPR bipolar line RI prediction formula
Table 5 \u2013 Parameters of the IREQ excitation function (Monopolar) [122]
Table 6 \u2013 Parameters of the IREQ excitation function (Bipolar) [122] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n6.3 Experimental data
6.3.1 Measurement apparatus and methods
6.3.2 Experimental results for radio interference
6.4 Criteria of different countries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n7 Audible noise
7.1 Basic principles of audible noise
Figure 4 \u2013 RI tolerance tests: reception quality as a function of signal-to-noise ratio <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 Attenuation of different weighting networks usedin audible-noise measurements [16] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n7.2 Description of physical phenomena
7.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n7.2.2 Lateral profiles
Figure 6 \u2013 Comparison of typical audible noise frequency spectra [132] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Lateral profiles of the AN
Figure 8 \u2013 Lateral profiles of the AN from a bipolar HVDC-line equipped with 8 \u00d7 4,6 cm (8 \u00d7 1,8 in) conductor bundles energized with \u00b11 050 kV [134] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 9 \u2013 Lateral profiles of fair-weather A-weighted sound level [132] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n7.2.3 Statistical distribution
Figure 10 \u2013 All weather distribution of AN and RI at +15 m lateral distance of the positive pole from the upgraded Pacific NW\/SW HVDC Intertie [34] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n7.2.4 Influencing factors
Figure 11 \u2013 Statistical distributions of fair-weather A-weighted sound level measuredat 27 m lateral distance from the line centre during spring 1980 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n7.2.5 Effect of altitude above sea level
7.2.6 Concluding remarks
7.3 Calculation methods
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Theoretical analysis of audible noise propagation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n7.3.3 Empirical formulas of audible noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n7.3.4 Semi-empirical formulas of audible noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nTable 7 \u2013 Parameters defining regression equation for generated acoustic power density [8] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n7.3.5 Concluding remarks
7.4 Experimental data
7.4.1 Measurement techniques and instrumentation
7.4.2 Experimental results for audible noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n7.5 Design practice of different countries
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 The effect of audible noise on people
7.5.3 The audible noise level and induced complaints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nFigure 12 \u2013 Audible noise complaint guidelines [14] in USA
Figure 13 \u2013 Measured lateral profile of audible noiseon a 330 kV AC transmission line [152] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nFigure 14 \u2013 Subjective evaluation of DC transmission line audible noise; EPRI test centre study 1974 [14]
Figure 15 \u2013 Subjective evaluation of DC transmission line audible noise; OSU study 1975 [14] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nFigure 16 \u2013 Results of the operators\u2019 subjective evaluation of AN from HVDC lines
Figure 17 \u2013 Results of subjective evaluation of AN from DC lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n7.5.4 Limit values of audible noise of HVDC transmission lines in different countries
7.5.5 General national noise limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nTable 8 \u2013 Typical sound attenuation (in decibels) provided by buildings [158] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Experimental results for electric field and ion current
A.1 Bonneville Power Administration \u00b1500 kV HVDC transmission line
A.2 FURNAS \u00b1600 kV HVDC transmission line
Table A.1 \u2013 BPA \u00b1500 kV line: statistical summary of all-weather ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density [34] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nA.3 Manitoba Hydro \u00b1450 kV HVDC transmission line
Table A.2 \u2013 FURNAS \u00b1600 kV line: statistical summary of ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density [38] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nFigure A.1 \u2013 Electric field and ion current distributionsfor Manitoba Hydro \u00b1450 kV Line [39]
Figure A.2 \u2013 Cumulative distribution of electric fieldfor Manitoba Hydro \u00b1450 kV Line [39] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nA.4 Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 New England \u00b1450 kV HVDC transmission line
Figure A.3 \u2013 Cumulative distribution of ion current densityfor Manitoba Hydro \u00b1450 kV line [39] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nA.5 IREQ test line study of \u00b1450 kV HVDC line configuration
Table A.3 \u2013 Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec\u2013New England \u00b1450 kV HVDC transmission line.Bath, NH; 1990-1992 (fair weather), 1992 (rain), All-season measurements of static electric E-field in kV\/m [41]
Table A.4 \u2013 Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 New England \u00b1450 kV HVDC Transmission Line.Bath, NH; 1990-1992, All-season fair-weather measurements of ion concentrations in kions\/cm3 [41] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nA.6 HVTRC test line study of \u00b1400 kV HVDC line configuration
Table A.5 \u2013 IREQ \u00b1450 kV test line: statistical summary of ground-level electric field intensity and ion current density [43] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nA.7 Test study in China
Table A.6 \u2013 HVTRC \u00b1400 kV test line: statistical summary of peak electric field and ion currents [44] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nFigure A.4 \u2013 Test result for total electric field at different humidity [119]
Table A.7 \u2013 Statistical results for the test data of total electricfield at ground (50 % value) [119] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nFigure A.5 \u2013 Comparison between the calculation result and test resultfor the total electric field (minimum conductor height is 18 m) [119] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Experimental results for radio interference
B.1 Bonneville power administration\u2019s 1 100 kV direct current test project
Figure B.1 \u2013 Connection for 3-section DC test line [124] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nFigure B.2 \u2013 Typical RI lateral profile at \u00b1600 kV, 4 \u00d7 30,5 mm conductor,11,2 m pole spacing, 15,2 m average height [14]
Figure B.3 \u2013 Simultaneous RI lateral, midspan, in clear weather andlight wind for three configurations, bipolar \u00b1400 kV [124] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nFigure B.4 \u2013 RI at 0,834 MHz as a function of bipolar line voltage 4 \u00d7 30,5 mmconductor, 11,2 m pole spacing, 15,2 m average height
Figure B.5 \u2013 Percent cumulative distribution for fair weather,2 \u00d7 46 mm, 18,3 m pole spacing, \u00b1600 kV <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nFigure B.6 \u2013 Percent cumulative distribution for rainy weather, 2 \u00d7 46 mm,18,3 m pole spacing, \u00b1600 kV
Figure B.7 \u2013 Percent cumulative distribution for fair weather, 4 \u00d7 30,5 mm,13,2 m pole spacing, \u00b1600 kV <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nFigure B.8 \u2013 Percent cumulative distribution for rainy weather, 4 \u00d7 30,5 mm,13,2 m pole spacing, \u00b1600 kV
Table B.1 \u2013 Influence of wind on RI <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nFigure B.9 \u2013 Radio interference frequency spectrum
Figure B.10 \u2013 RI vs. frequency at \u00b1400 kV [124] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nB.2 Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec institute of research
Figure B.11 \u2013 Cumulative distribution of RI measured at 15 m from the positive pole [125] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nFigure B.12 \u2013 Conducted RI frequency spectrum measured with the line terminated at one end [125]
Table B.2 \u2013 Statistical representation of the long term RI performance of the tested conductor bundle [125] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nB.3 DC lines of China
Figure B.13 \u2013 Lateral profile of RI [125]
Table B.3 \u2013 RI at 0,5 MHz at lateral 20 m from positive pole (fair weather) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nFigure B.14 \u2013 Comparison between calculation result and test result for RI lateral profile [119]
Table B.4 \u2013 The parameters of test lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nFigure B.15 \u2013 The curve with altitude of the RI on positive reduced-scale test lines
Table B.5 \u2013 Measured results of 0,5 MHz RI forthe full-scale test lines at different altitudes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative)Experimental results for audible noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nFigure C.1 \u2013 Examples of statistical distributions of fair weather audible noise. dB(A) measured at 27 m from line centre of a bipolar HVDC test line [16] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nTable C.1 \u2013 Audible Noise Levels of HVDC Lines according to [121] and [153] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nFigure C.2 \u2013 AN under the positive polar test lines varying with altitude
Table C.2 \u2013 Test results of 50 % AN statistics for full-scale test lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Electromagnetic performance of high voltage direct current (HVDC) overhead transmission lines<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":408073,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[545,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-408067","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-20","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/408067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/408073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=408067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=408067"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=408067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}