{"id":415517,"date":"2024-10-20T06:05:42","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iec-622322022\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T11:19:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T11:19:47","slug":"bs-en-iec-622322022","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iec-622322022\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN IEC 62232:2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

IEC 62232:2022 addresses the evaluation of RF field strength, power density and specific absorption rate (SAR<\/em>) levels in the vicinity of base stations (BS), also called products or equipment under test (EUT), intentionally radiating in the radio frequency (RF) range 110 MHz to 300 GHz in accordance with the scope, see Clause 1. It does not address the evaluation of current density. RF exposure evaluation methods to be used for product compliance, product installation compliance and in-situ RF exposure assessments are specified in this document. Exposure limits are not specified in this document. The entity conducting RF exposure assessments refers to the set of exposure limits applicable where exposure takes place. Examples of applicable exposure limits considered in this document are provided in the Bibliography, for example ICNIRP-2020 [1], ICNIRP-1998 [2], IEEE Std C95.1\u2122-2019 [3] and Safety Code 6 [4].<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nAnnex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Physical quantities
4.2 Constants
4.3 Abbreviated terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n5 How to use this document
5.1 Quick start guide <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Quick start guide to the evaluation process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nTables
Table 1 \u2013 Quick start guide evaluation steps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n5.2 RF evaluation purpose categories
5.3 Implementation case studies
6 Evaluation processes for product compliance, product installation compliance and in-situ RF exposure assessments
6.1 Evaluation process for product compliance
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Establishing compliance boundaries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n6.1.3 Iso-surface compliance boundary definition
6.1.4 Simple compliance boundaries
Figure 2 \u2013 Example of iso-surface compliance boundary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nFigure 3 \u2013 Example of cylindrical and half-pipe compliance boundaries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n6.1.5 Methods for establishing the compliance boundary
Figure 4 \u2013 Example of box shaped compliance boundary
Figure 5 \u2013 Example of truncated box shaped compliance boundary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nFigure 6 \u2013 Example illustrating the linear scaling procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Example of massive MIMO antennaand corresponding beams and envelope patterns
Figure 8 \u2013 Example of compliance boundary shapefor BS antennas with beam steering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n6.1.6 Uncertainty
6.1.7 Reporting for product compliance
Figure 9 \u2013 Example of dish antenna compliance boundary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n6.2 Evaluation process used for product installation compliance
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 General evaluation procedure for product installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Flowchart describing the product installation evaluation process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n6.2.3 Product installation compliance based on the actual maximum transmitted power or EIRP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nFigure 11 \u2013 Example of a CDF curve representingthe normalized actual transmitted power or EIRP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n6.2.4 Product installation data collection
Figure 12 \u2013 Flow chart for product installation compliance basedon the actual maximum transmitted power or EIRP threshold(s) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n6.2.5 Simplified product installation evaluation process
Figure 13 \u2013 Simplified compliance assessment process using installation classes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nTable 2 \u2013 Example of product installation classes where a simplifiedevaluation process is applicable (based on ICNIRP general public limits [1] and [2]) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n6.2.6 Assessment area selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n6.2.7 Measurements
Figure 14 \u2013 Example of DI within a square-shapedassessment domain boundary (ADB) with dimension LADB <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n6.2.8 Computations
6.2.9 Uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n6.2.10 Reporting for product installation compliance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n6.3 In-situ RF exposure evaluation or assessment process
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 In-situ measurement process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n6.3.3 Site analysis
Figure 15 \u2013 In-situ RF exposure evaluationor assessment process flow chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n6.3.4 Case A evaluation
6.3.5 Case B evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n6.3.6 Uncertainty
6.3.7 Reporting
6.4 Averaging procedures
6.4.1 Spatial averaging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n6.4.2 Time averaging
7 Determining the evaluation method
7.1 Overview
7.2 Process to determine the evaluation method
7.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n7.2.2 Establishing the evaluation points in relation to the source-environment plane
Figure 16 \u2013 Source-environment plane concept <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n7.2.3 Exposure metric selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n8 Evaluation methods
8.1 General
Table 3 \u2013 Exposure metrics validity for evaluation points in each source region <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n8.2 Measurement methods
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 RF field strength and power density measurements
Figure 17 \u2013 Flow chart of the measurement methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n8.2.3 SAR measurements
Table 4 \u2013 Requirements for RF field strength and power density measurements
Table 5 \u2013 Whole-body SAR exclusions based on RF power levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n8.3 Computation methods
Table 6 \u2013 Requirements for SAR measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nFigure 18 \u2013 Flow chart of the relevant computation methods
Table 7 \u2013 Applicability of computation methodsfor source-environment regions of Figure 16
Table 8 \u2013 Requirements for computation methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n8.4 Methods for assessment based on actual maximum approach
8.4.1 General requirements
8.4.2 Actual transmitted power or EIRP monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n8.4.3 Actual transmitted power or EIRP control
Figure 19 \u2013 Example of segments used for monitoringand control of BS using mMIMO or beam steering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n8.5 Methods for the assessment of RF exposure to multiple sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n8.6 Methods for establishing the BS transmitted power or EIRP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n9 Uncertainty
10 Reporting
10.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n10.2 Report format <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n10.3 Opinions and interpretations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative)Source-environment plane and guidanceon the evaluation method selection
A.1 Guidance on the source-environment plane
A.1.1 General
A.1.2 Source-environment plane example
Figure A.1 \u2013 Example source-environment plane regionsnear a base station antenna on a tower <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nA.1.3 Source regions
Figure A.2 \u2013 Example source-environment plane regions near a roof-top antennathat has a narrow vertical (elevation plane) beamwidth (not to scale) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nFigure A.3 \u2013 Geometry of an antenna withlargest linear dimension Leff and largest end dimension Lend <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nTable A.1 \u2013 Definition of source regions
Table A.2 \u2013 Default source region boundaries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nTable A.3 \u2013 Source region boundaries for antennaswith maximum dimension less than 2,5 \u03bb
Table A.4 \u2013 Source region boundaries for linear\/planar antenna arrayswith a maximum dimension greater than or equal to 2,5 \u03bb <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nTable A.5 \u2013 Source region boundaries for equiphase radiation aperture (e.g. dish) antennas with maximum reflector dimension much greater than a wavelength
Table A.6 \u2013 Source region boundaries for radiating cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nFigure A.4 \u2013 Maximum path difference for an antenna with largest linear dimension L <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nA.2 Select between computation or measurement approaches
Table A.7 \u2013 Far-field distance r measured in metres as a function of angle \u03b2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nA.3 Select measurement method
A.3.1 Selection stages
A.3.2 Selecting between RF field strength, power density and SAR measurement approaches
Table A.8 \u2013 Guidance on selecting betweencomputation and measurement approaches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nA.3.3 Selecting between broadband and frequency selective measurement
Table A.9 \u2013 Guidance on selecting betweenbroadband and frequency selective measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nA.3.4 Selecting RF field strength measurement procedures
A.4 Select computation method
Table A.10 \u2013 Guidance on selectingRF field strength measurement procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nTable A.11 \u2013 Guidance on selecting computation methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nA.5 Additional considerations
A.5.1 Simplicity
A.5.2 Evaluation method ranking
A.5.3 Applying multiple methods for RF exposure evaluation
Table A.12 \u2013 Guidance on specific evaluation method ranking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nAnnex B (normative)Evaluation methods
B.1 Overview
B.2 General
B.2.1 Coordinate systems and reference points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nB.2.2 Variables
Figure B.1 \u2013 Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systemsrelative to the BS antenna (view from the rear panel)
Table B.1 \u2013 Dimension variables
Table B.2 \u2013 RF power variables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nB.3 RF exposure evaluation principles
B.3.1 Simple calculation of RF field strength and power density
Table B.3 \u2013 Antenna variables
Table B.4 \u2013 Exposure metric variables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nFigure B.2 \u2013 Typical RF exposure assessment case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nFigure B.3 \u2013 Reflection due to the presence of a ground plane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nFigure B.4 \u2013 Reflections due to the presence of internal walls of the housing and surrounding asphalt and soil configuring a base station installed underground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nB.3.2 Measurement of RF field strength and power density
Figure B.5 \u2013 General representation of RF field strengthor power density measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nFigure B.6 \u2013 Practical examples of measurement equipment installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\nB.3.3 Spatial averaging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nFigure B.7 \u2013 Spatial averaging schemes relative to walkingor standing surface and in the vertical plane oriented to offermaximum area in the direction of the source being evaluated <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nB.3.4 Time averaging
Figure B.8 \u2013 Spatial averaging relative tospatial-peak field strength point height <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nB.3.5 Comparing measured and computed values
B.3.6 Personal RF monitors
B.4 RF field strength and power density measurements
B.4.1 Applicability of RF field strength and power density measurements
B.4.2 In-situ RF exposure measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\nTable B.5 \u2013 Broadband measurement system minimum requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\nTable B.6 \u2013 Frequency selective measurement system minimum requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\nFigure B.9 \u2013 Evaluation locations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\nFigure B.10 \u2013 Relationship of separation of remote radio sourceand evaluation area to separation of evaluation points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nB.4.3 Laboratory based RF field strength and power density measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nFigure B.11 \u2013 Outline of the surface scanning methodology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nFigure B.12 \u2013 Block diagram of the antenna measurement system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nFigure B.13 \u2013 Minimum radius constraint, where a denotes the minimum radiusof a sphere, centred at the reference point, that encompasses the EUT
Figure B.14 \u2013 Maximum angular sampling spacing constraint <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nFigure B.15 \u2013 Outline of the volume\/surface scanning methodology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\nFigure B.16 \u2013 Block diagram of typical near-field EUT measurement system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\nB.4.4 RF field strength and power density measurement uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nTable B.7 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertainty of anin-situ RF field strength measurement that used a frequency selective equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nTable B.8 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertainty of anin-situ RF field strength measurement that used a broadband equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nTable B.9 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertaintyof a laboratory-based RF field strength or power density measurementusing the surface scanning method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\nTable B.10 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertaintyof a laboratory-based RF field strength or power density measurementusing the volume scanning method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nB.5 SAR measurements
B.5.1 Overview of SAR measurements
B.5.2 SAR measurement requirements
Figure B.17 \u2013 Examples of positioning of the EUT relative to the relevant phantom <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nB.5.3 SAR measurement description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nTable B.11 \u2013 Numerical reference SAR values for reference dipolesand flat phantom \u2013 All values are normalized to a forward power of 1 W <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\nB.5.4 SAR measurement uncertainty
Figure B.18 \u2013 Phantom liquid volume and measurement volumeused for whole-body SAR measurements with the box-shaped phantoms
Table B.12 \u2013 Phantom liquid volume and measurement volumeused for whole-body SAR measurements [61], [77]
Table B.13 \u2013 Correction factor to compensate for a possible biasin the obtained general public whole-body SAR when assessedusing the large box-shaped phantom for child exposure configurations [72] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nTable B.14 \u2013 Measurement uncertainty evaluation templatefor EUT whole-body SAR test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nTable B.15 \u2013 Measurement uncertainty evaluation templatefor whole-body SAR system validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nB.6 Basic computation methods
B.6.1 General
B.6.2 Basic computation formulas for RF field strength or power density evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\nFigure B.19 \u2013 Reference frame employed for cylindrical formulas for RF field strength computation at a point P (left), and on a line perpendicular to boresight (right) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nFigure B.20 \u2013 Views illustrating the three valid zones forfield strength computation around an antenna
Table B.16 \u2013 Definition of boundaries for selecting the zone of computation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\nFigure B.21 \u2013 Enclosed cylinder around collinear array antennas,with and without electrical downtilt <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\nTable B.17 \u2013 Input parameters for cylindrical and spherical formulas validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158<\/td>\nB.6.3 Basic whole-body SAR and peak spatial-average SAR evaluation formulas
Figure B.22 \u2013 Spherical formulas reference results
Figure B.23 \u2013 Cylindrical formulas reference results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\nFigure B.24 \u2013 Directions for which SAR estimation expressions are provided
Table B.18 \u2013 Applicability of SAR estimation formulas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\nFigure B.25 \u2013 Description of SAR estimation formulas physical parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\nTable B.19 \u2013 Calculation of A(f, d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nTable B.20 \u2013 Antenna parameters for SAR estimation formulas verification
Table B.21 \u2013 Verification data for SAR estimation formulas \u2013 front
Table B.22 \u2013 Verification data for SAR estimation formulas \u2013 axial and back <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nB.6.4 Basic compliance boundary assessment method for BS using parabolic dish antennas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\nFigure B.26 \u2013 Flow chart for the simplified assessment ofRF compliance boundary in the line of sight of a parabolic dish antenna <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
168<\/td>\nB.6.5 Basic compliance boundary assessment method for intentionally radiating cables
Figure B.27 \u2013 Radiating cable geometry <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nB.7 Advanced computation methods
B.7.1 General
B.7.2 Synthetic model and ray tracing algorithms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\nFigure B.28 \u2013 Synthetic model and ray tracing algorithms geometry and parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\nTable B.23 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertaintyof a synthetic model and ray tracing RF field strength computation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\nFigure B.29 \u2013 Line 4 far-field positions for synthetic model andray tracing validation example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\nFigure B.30 \u2013 Antenna parameters for synthetic modeland ray tracing algorithms validation example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\nB.7.3 Full wave RF exposure computation
Table B.24 \u2013 Synthetic model and ray tracingpower density reference results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nTable B.25 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertaintyof a full wave RF field strength \/ power density computation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\nFigure B.31 \u2013 Generic 900 MHz BS antenna with nine dipole radiators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\nFigure B.32 \u2013 Line 1, 2 and 3 near-field positionsfor full wave and ray tracing validation
Table B.26 \u2013 Validation 1 full wave field reference results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
184<\/td>\nFigure B.33 \u2013 Generic 1 800 MHz BS antenna with five slot radiators
Table B.27 \u2013 Validation 2 full wave field reference results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\nB.7.4 Full wave SAR computation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\nTable B.28 \u2013 Example template for estimating the expanded uncertaintyof a full wave SAR computation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
190<\/td>\nB.8 Extrapolation from the evaluated values to the maximum or actual values
B.8.1 Extrapolation method
Figure B.34 \u2013 BS antenna placed in front of a multi-layered lossy cylinder
Table B.29 \u2013 Validation reference SAR results for computation method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
192<\/td>\nB.8.2 Extrapolation to maximum in-situ RF field strength or power density using broadband measurements
B.8.3 Extrapolation to maximum in-situ RF field strength \/ power density using frequency or code selective measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\nB.8.4 Influence of traffic in real operating network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nB.8.5 Extrapolation for massive MIMO and beamforming BS
Figure B.35 \u2013 Time variation over 24 h of the exposure inducedby NR, GSM and FM, each normalized to the mean value <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\nB.8.6 Maximum exposure extrapolation with dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\nB.9 Guidance for implementing the actual maximum approach
B.9.1 BS actual EIRP evaluation assumptions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\nB.9.2 Technology duty-cycle factor description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
199<\/td>\nFigure B.36\u2013 Generic structure of a base station transmitted RF signal frame <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\nB.9.3 CDF evaluation using modelling studies
Table B.30 \u2013 Relevant parameters for performingRF exposure modelling studies of a massive MIMO site or site cluster <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\nB.9.4 CDF evaluation using measurement studies on operational BS sites <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nTable B.31 \u2013 Measurement campaign parameters for performingRF exposure assessment of a massive MIMO site or site cluster <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nB.9.5 Actual transmitted power or EIRP monitoring counters
B.9.6 Configurations with multiple transmitters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\nTable B.32 \u2013 Power combination factors applicable to the normalized actual transmitted power CDF in case of combination of multiple independent identical transmitters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nB.10 Transmitted power or EIRP evaluation
B.10.1 General
B.10.2 Measurement of the transmitted power in conducted mode
Table B.33 \u2013 Power combination factors applicable totwo independent transmitters with a ratio p in amplitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\nB.10.3 Measurement of the transmitted power in OTA conditions
B.10.4 Measurement of the EIRP in OTA and laboratory conditions
Figure B.37 \u2013 Example of setup for the direct power level measurementfor BS equipped with direct access conducted output ports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\nB.10.5 Measurement of the EIRP in OTA and in-situ conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative)Guidelines for the validation of power or EIRP control features and monitoring counter(s) related to the actual maximum approach
C.1 Overview
C.2 Guidelines for validating control feature(s) and monitoring counters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\nC.3 Validation of power or EIRP monitoring counter in laboratory conditions
C.3.1 Validation of power or EIRP monitoring counter in conducted mode \u2013 test procedure
Table C.1 \u2013 Relative difference between the measured averaged transmitted power and actual power counter value for systems that allow direct power level measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nTable C.2 \u2013 Correlation between the configured maximum power level and the level reported by actual power counters for BS that allow direct power level measurements
Table C.3 \u2013 Correlation between the configured time-averaged load levels and the actual power counter value for systems that allow direct power level measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nC.3.2 Validation of power or EIRP monitoring counter in OTA mode \u2013 test procedure
Table C.4 \u2013 Relative difference between the configured maximum power,measured averaged transmitted power, and actual power countersfor systems that do not support direct power level measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\nTable C.5 \u2013 Correlation between the configured power level and the level reported by power counters for BS that do not support direct power level measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\nC.3.3 Validation of control feature(s) in laboratory conditions
Table C.6 \u2013 Correlation between time linearity of the configuredmaximum power level and the level reported by actual power countersfor BS that do not support direct power level measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\nFigure C.1 \u2013 Example of a laboratory test setup for validationof an actual power control feature intended for use with a 5G BS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nC.3.4 Validation of control features using in-situ measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\nFigure C.2 \u2013 Example of a test setup for validationof an actual power control feature implemented in a 5G BS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\nC.4 Validation test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\nC.5 Case studies
C.5.1 Case study A \u2013 In-situ validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\nFigure C.3 \u2013 Ground based in-situ validation setup <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\nFigure C.4 \u2013 In-situ validation measurement setup nearthe general public compliance boundary in front of the5G massive MIMO antenna (bore sight position) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\nFigure C.5 \u2013 Comparison between measured time-averaged EMF andpower control feature (5G counter data) for the ground-based measurements
Figure C.6 \u2013 Measured exposure adaptation in time expressedas a percentage of ICNIRP limits [1], [2] for the measurementsnear the general public compliance boundary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\nC.5.2 Case study B \u2013 In-situ validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\nFigure C.7 \u2013 Overview of the measurement site <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\nFigure C.8 \u2013 Ground view of the validation site and measurement setup,located 60 m from the 5G BS, in the line of sight
Figure C.9 \u2013 Power transmitted by the massive MIMO antenna (top trace),channel power (ChP) measurements (middle trace)and transmitted resource blocks (RBs) (bottom trace) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\nC.5.3 Case study C \u2013 In-situ validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\nFigure C.10 \u2013 Overview of the test platform
Figure C.11 \u2013 Example of synthetic model simulation of the test area
Figure C.12 \u2013 Examples of traffic load profiles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\nFigure C.13 \u2013 Example of testing in different segments in the test area <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\nFigure C.14 \u2013 Results of the monitoring validation and baseline test in phase 1
Figure C.15 \u2013 Example of power density measurementsand power density derived from counters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\nFigure C.16 \u2013 Measured power density and power density derived from counters
Figure C.17 \u2013 Comparisons of both counters and measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative)Rationale supporting simplified product installation criteria
D.1 General
D.2 Class E2
Figure D.1 \u2013 Measured ER as a function of distance for a BS (G = 5 dBi, f = 2 100 MHz) transmitting with an EIRP of 2 W (installation class E2) and 10 W (installation class E10) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\nD.3 Class E10
Figure D.2 \u2013 Minimum installation height as a functionof transmitting power corresponding to installation class E10 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\nD.4 Class E100
Figure D.3 \u2013 Compliance distance in the main lobe as a function of EIRP establishedin accordance with the farfield formula corresponding to installation class E100 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\nFigure D.4 \u2013 Minimum installation height as a functionof transmitting power corresponding to installation class E100 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\nD.5 Class E+
Figure D.5 \u2013 Averaged power density at ground level for various installation configurations of equipment with 100 W EIRP (installation class E100) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nD.6 Simplified formulas for millimetre-wave antennas using massive MIMO or beam steering
Figure D.6 \u2013 Compliance distance in the main lobe CDm as a function of EIRP established in accordance with the farfield formula corresponding to installation class E+
Figure D.7 \u2013 Minimum installation height hm as a function of EIRPcorresponding to installation class E+ <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
238<\/td>\nFigure D.8 \u2013 Power density distribution in watts per square metre in a vertical cut planefor an 8 \u00d7 8 antenna array at 28 GHz (grid step of 10 cm)
Figure D.9 \u2013 Power density distribution in watts per square metre in a vertical cut plane for an 8 \u00d7 8 antenna array at 39 GHz (grid step of 10 cm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative)Technology-specific exposure evaluation guidance
E.1 Overview to guidance on specific technologies
E.2 Summary of technology-specific information
Table E.1 \u2013 Technology specific information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\nE.3 Guidance on spectrum analyser settings
E.3.1 Overview of spectrum analyser settings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\nE.3.2 Detection algorithms
E.3.3 Resolution bandwidth and channel power processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\nFigure E.1 \u2013 Spectral occupancy for GMSK <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\nFigure E.2 \u2013 Spectral occupancy for CDMA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nE.3.4 Integration per service
E.4 Stable transmitted power signals
E.4.1 TDMA\/FDMA technology
Table E.2 \u2013 Example of spectrum analyser settings for an integration per service <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\nE.4.2 WCDMA\/UMTS technology
Table E.3 \u2013 Example constant power components for specific TDMA\/FDMA technologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\nE.4.3 OFDM technology
E.5 WCDMA measurement and calibration using a code domain analyser
E.5.1 WCDMA measurements \u2013 General
E.5.2 WCDMA decoder characteristics
Figure E.3 \u2013 Channel allocation for a WCDMA signal <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\nE.5.3 Calibration
Table E.4 \u2013 WCDMA decoder characteristics
Table E.5 \u2013 Signal configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\nTable E.6 \u2013 WCDMA generator setting for power linearity
Table E.7 \u2013 WCDMA generator setting for decoder calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\nE.6 Wi-Fi measurements
E.6.1 General
Figure E.4 \u2013 Example of Wi-Fi frames
Table E.8 \u2013 WCDMA generator setting for reflection coefficient measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\nE.6.2 Integration time for reproducible measurements
E.6.3 Channel occupation
Figure E.5 \u2013 Channel occupation versus the integration time for IEEE 802.11b standard <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
251<\/td>\nE.6.4 Some considerations
E.6.5 Measurement configuration and steps
Figure E.6 \u2013 Channel occupation versusnominal throughput rate for IEEE 802.11b\/g standards
Figure E.7 \u2013 Wi-Fi spectrum trace snapshot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
252<\/td>\nE.6.6 Influence of the application layers
E.6.7 Power control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\nE.7 LTE measurements
E.7.1 Overview
E.7.2 LTE transmission modes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254<\/td>\nE.7.3 LTE-FDD frame structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
255<\/td>\nE.7.4 LTE-TDD frame structure
Figure E.8 \u2013 Frame structure of transmission signal for LTE-FDD downlink <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
256<\/td>\nFigure E.9 \u2013 Frame structure LTE-TDD type 2 (for 5 ms switch-point periodicity)
Figure E.10 \u2013 Frame structure of transmission signal for LTE-TDD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\nE.7.5 Maximum LTE exposure evaluation
Table E.9 \u2013 Uplink-downlink configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
258<\/td>\nTable E.10 \u2013 Theoretical extrapolation factor, NRS, based on framestructure given in 3GPP TS 36.104 [21] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\nFigure E.11 \u2013 LTE-TDD PBCH measurement example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\nFigure E.12 \u2013 Example of VBW setting for LTE-FDDand LTE-TDD to avoid underestimation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
261<\/td>\nFigure E.13 \u2013 Examples of received waves from LTE-FDD downlink signalsusing a spectrum analyser using zero span mode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
262<\/td>\nE.7.6 Instantaneous LTE exposure evaluation
Figure E.14 \u2013 LTE-TDD PBCH measurement example spectrumanalyser using zero span mode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
263<\/td>\nE.7.7 MIMO multiplexing of LTE BS
E.8 NR BS measurements
E.8.1 General
E.8.2 Maximum NR exposure evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
264<\/td>\nTable E.11 \u2013 FBW for each combination of BS channel bandwidthand SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) for sub-6 GHz signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\nTable E.12 \u2013 FBW for each combination of BS channel bandwidthand SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) for mm-wave signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
266<\/td>\nFigure E.15 \u2013 Example of VBW setting for NR to avoid underestimation
Figure E.16 \u2013 Examples of measurement accuracy results according to the ratio of VBW and RBW for NR SCS 30 kHz and 1 MHz RBW using various SA types (A to D) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
267<\/td>\nFigure E.17 \u2013 Waterfall reconstruction plot of a 1 s long measurement traceof an NR signal with subcarrier spacing (SCS) 30 kHz(along one component of the electric field)
Figure E.18 \u2013 Example of NR signal frame measured on SAwith SSB signal above PDSCH (data) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
268<\/td>\nFigure E.19 \u2013 Example of NR signal frame measured on SAwith SSB signal below or equal to PDSCH (data) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
269<\/td>\nFigure E.20 \u2013 Time gating of SS burst signal
Figure E.21 \u2013 Representation of the channel bandwidth (CBW) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
272<\/td>\nFigure E.22 \u2013 An example for one port CSI-RS beam design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
273<\/td>\nE.9 Establishing compliance boundaries using numerical simulations of MIMO array antennas emitting correlated waveforms
E.9.1 General
E.9.2 Field combining near base stations for correlated exposure with the purpose of establishing compliance boundaries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
274<\/td>\nE.9.3 Numerical simulations of MIMO array antennas with densely packed columns <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
275<\/td>\nE.9.4 Numerical simulations of large MIMO array antennas
E.10 Massive MIMO antennas
E.10.1 Overview
E.10.2 Deterministic conservative approach
E.10.3 Statistical conservative approach <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\nE.10.4 Example approaches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
278<\/td>\nFigure E.23 \u2013 Plan view representation of statistical conservative model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
286<\/td>\nFigure E.24 \u2013 Binomial cumulative probability function for N = 24, PR = 0,125
Figure E.25 \u2013 Binomial cumulative probability function for N = 18, PR = 2\/7 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
289<\/td>\nTable E.13 \u2013 List of variables in the case study <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\nFigure E.26 \u2013 Binomial cumulative probability function for N = 100\uff0cPR = 0,125
Figure E.27 \u2013 Binomial cumulative probability function for N = 82, PR = 2\/7 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative)Guidelines for the assessment of BS compliancewith ICNIRP-2020 brief exposure limits
F.1 General
F.2 Brief exposure limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\nFigure F.1 \u2013 Limits for brief exposure (t < 360 s), seeTable F.1,divided by the corresponding time interval tand normalized with the value obtained for t up to 360 s
Table F.1 \u2013 Brief exposure limits for the general public integratedover intervals of between 0 min and 6 min as specified by ICNIRP-2020 [1] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\nF.3 Implications of brief exposure limits on signal modulation and TDD duty cycle
F.4 Implications of brief exposure limits on the actual maximum approach <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
298<\/td>\nFigure F.2 \u2013 FPR_min as a function of the pulse durationassuming a whole-body averaging time of 30 min
Figure F.3 \u2013 FPR_min as a function of the pulse durationassuming an averaging time of 6 min
Table F.2 \u2013 Minimum FPR, FPR_min, for which compliance with the time-averagedwhole-body limits ICNIRP-2020 [1] inherently ensures compliance withthe brief exposure limits specified by ICNIRP-2020 [1] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative)Uncertainty
G.1 Background
G.2 Requirement to estimate uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\nG.3 How to estimate uncertainty
G.4 Guidance on uncertainty and assessment schemes
G.4.1 General
G.4.2 Overview of assessment schemes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\nG.4.3 Examples of assessment schemes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
302<\/td>\nFigure G.1 \u2013 Examples of general assessment schemes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
303<\/td>\nFigure G.2 \u2013 Target uncertainty scheme overview
Table G.1 \u2013 Determining target uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\nG.4.4 Assessment schemes and compliance probabilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\nTable G.2 \u2013 Monte Carlo simulation of 10 000 trials, both surveyorand auditor using best estimate
Table G.3 \u2013 Monte Carlo simulation of 10 000 trials, both surveyorand auditor using target uncertainty of 4 dB <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\nG.5 Guidance on uncertainty
G.5.1 Overview
Table G.4 \u2013 Monte Carlo simulation of 10 000 trials where surveyor uses upper 95 % CI and auditor uses lower 95 % CI <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
307<\/td>\nG.5.2 Measurement uncertainty and confidence levels
Figure G.3 \u2013 Probability of the true value being above (respectively below) the evaluated value depending on the confidence level assuming a normal distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
308<\/td>\nG.6 Applying uncertainty for compliance assessments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\nG.7 Example influence quantities for field measurements
G.7.1 General
G.7.2 Calibration uncertainty of measurement antenna or field probe
G.7.3 Frequency response of the measurement antenna or field probe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\nFigure G.4 \u2013 Plot of the calibration factors for E (not E2) provided froman example calibration report for an electric field probe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\nG.7.4 Isotropy of the measurement antenna or field probe
G.7.5 Frequency response of the spectrum analyser
G.7.6 Temperature response of a broadband field probe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\nG.7.7 Linearity deviation of a broadband field probe
G.7.8 Mismatch uncertainty
G.7.9 Deviation of the experimental source from numerical source
G.7.10 Meter fluctuation uncertainty for time-varying signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\nG.7.11 Uncertainty due to power variation in the RF source
G.7.12 Uncertainty due to field gradients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\nG.7.13 Mutual coupling between measurement antenna or isotropic probe and object
Table G.5 \u2013 Guidance on minimum separation distances for somedipole lengths such that the uncertainty does notexceed 5 % or 10 % in a measurement of E
Table G.6 \u2013 Guidance on minimum separation distances for some loop diameters such that the uncertainty does notexceed 5 % or 10 % in a measurement of H <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
315<\/td>\nG.7.14 Uncertainty due to field scattering from the surveyor’s body
Table G.7 \u2013 Example minimum separation conditionsfor selected dipole lengths for 10 % uncertainty in E <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316<\/td>\nFigure G.5 \u2013 Computational model used for the variational analysisof reflected RF fields from the front of a surveyor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
317<\/td>\nG.7.15 Measurement device
G.7.16 Fields out of measurement range
Table G.8 \u2013 Standard estimates of dB variation for the perturbationsin front of a surveyor due to body reflected fields as described in Figure G.5
Table G.9 \u2013 Standard uncertainty (u) estimates for E and H due to body reflections from the surveyor for common radio services derived from estimates provided in Table G.8 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
318<\/td>\nG.7.17 Noise
G.7.18 Integration time
G.7.19 Power chain
G.7.20 Positioning system
G.7.21 Matching between probe and the EUT
G.7.22 Drifts in output power of the EUT, probe, temperature, and humidity
G.7.23 Perturbation by the environment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
319<\/td>\nG.8 Example influence quantities for RF field strength computations by ray tracing or full wave methods
G.8.1 General
G.8.2 System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\nG.8.3 Technique uncertainties
G.8.4 Environmental uncertainties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
321<\/td>\nG.9 Influence quantities for SAR measurements
G.9.1 General
G.9.2 Post-processing
G.9.3 EUT holder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
322<\/td>\nG.9.4 EUT positioning
Figure G.6 \u2013 EUT positioning equipment and different positioning errors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
323<\/td>\nG.9.5 Phantom shell uncertainty
G.9.6 SAR correction depending on target liquid permittivity and conductivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\nG.9.7 Liquid permittivity and conductivity measurements
G.9.8 Liquid temperature
G.10 Influence quantities for SAR calculations
G.11 Spatial averaging
G.11.1 General
Table G.10 \u2013 Maximum sensitivity coefficients for liquid permittivity and conductivity over the frequency range 300 MHz to 6 GHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
325<\/td>\nG.11.2 Small-scale fading variations
Figure G.7 \u2013 Physical model of small-scale fading variations
Figure G.8 \u2013 Example of E-field strength variationsin line of sight of an antenna operating at 2,2 GHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
326<\/td>\nG.11.3 Error on the estimation of local average power density
Figure G.9 \u2013 Error at 95 % on average power estimation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
327<\/td>\nG.11.4 Characterization of environment statistical properties
G.11.5 Characterization of different spatial averaging schemes
Table G.11 \u2013 Uncertainty at 95 % for different fading models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
328<\/td>\nFigure G.10 \u2013 343 measurement points building a cube (centre)and different templates consisting of a different number of positions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
329<\/td>\nFigure G.11 \u2013 Moving a template (Line 3) through the cube <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
330<\/td>\nTable G.12 \u2013 Correlation coefficients for GSM 900 and DCS 1800 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
331<\/td>\nFigure G.12 \u2013 Standard deviations for GSM 900, DCS 1800 and UMTS
Table G.13 \u2013 Variations of the standard deviations forthe GSM 900, DCS 1800 and UMTS frequency bands <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
332<\/td>\nG.12 Influence of human body on measurements of the electric RF field strength
G.12.1 Simulations of the influence of human body on measurements based on the method of moments (surface equivalence principle)
Table G.14 \u2013 Examples of total uncertainty calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
333<\/td>\nFigure G.13 \u2013 Simulation arrangement
Figure G.14 \u2013 Body influence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
334<\/td>\nG.12.2 Comparison with measurements
Figure G.15 \u2013 Simulation arrangement
Table G.15 \u2013 Maximum simulated error due to the influence ofa human body on the measurement values ofan omnidirectional probe
Table G.16 \u2013 Measured influence of a human body onomnidirectional probe measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
335<\/td>\nG.12.3 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
336<\/td>\nAnnex H (informative)Guidance on comparingevaluated parameters with a limit value
H.1 Overview
H.2 Information recommended to compare evaluated value against limit value
H.3 Performing a limit comparison at a given confidence level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
337<\/td>\nH.4 Performing a limit comparison using a process-based assessment scheme <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
338<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2022<\/td>\n348<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":415527,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-415517","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/415517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/415527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=415517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=415517"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=415517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}