This document, which is a Technical Report, is intended for use as guidance for reducing fire risks in general and for site-specific needs for buildings with PV systems. In addition to the general recommendations, technical, installation, and maintenance measures can be selected to reach the intended safety level of the PV system and building, depending on the results of a risk assessment. This document contains general information about building related risks and includes measures for reducing those risks. These measures are not general requirements or recommendations. They are explained as a guide for selecting suitable measures depending on the on-site needs.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Risk evaluation 4.1 General 4.2 Site selection 4.3 Aspects for building risk evaluation 4.3.1 Roofing materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 4.3.2 Building construction 4.3.3 Building contents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 4.3.4 Use of building 4.3.5 Building type considerations regarding financial risks 4.4 Measures for supporting firefighter and rescue service operations 4.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4.4.2 Response times of emergency responders and available apparatus 4.4.3 Geometry, height, accessibility of building <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4.4.4 Coordination with fire alarm systems 4.5 Other organizational aspects 4.5.1 Briefing fire services in on-site specific aspects Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Cable routing related to pathways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4.5.2 Harmonize measures with fire protection measures of building 4.5.3 Harmonize measures with owner, user and building and inventory insurance 5 Technical PV system design measures for fire prevention 5.1 General 5.2 Initial PV system design considerations to minimize risk 5.2.1 General 5.2.2 Ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5.2.3 Accumulation of flammable material 5.2.4 Cabling 5.3 Arc-fault detection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 5.4 Earth-fault detection 5.5 Automatic shutdown after first fault 5.6 Coverboard <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 6 Technical PV system design measures for supporting firefighter and rescue service operations 6.1 General 6.2 Initial PV system design considerations to minimize risk 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 DC cable lengths and routing 6.2.3 DC cabling marking 6.2.4 Access pathways and escape routes 6.2.5 Caution board 6.3 Generator\/string-level shutdown <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 6.4 Module-level control, ELV-systems, distributed array protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 6.5 Cable routing measures 6.6 Fire-resistant cable raceways 7 Installation and commissioning 7.1 General 7.2 Important installation requirements impacting risk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 7.3 Commissioning procedures 7.4 Documentation \u2013 clear installation, owners, fire services and maintenance manuals for PV equipment 8 Operation and maintenance 8.1 General 8.2 Inspection of electric system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 8.3 Inspection of mounting structure and building influence 8.4 Inspection of pathways 8.5 Cleaning 8.6 Thermography 8.7 Recommendations for empty buildings or systems not under supervision 9 Corrective measures after fire 9.1 General 9.2 Measures to avoid safety risks or further damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 9.3 Safety inspection 9.4 Measures to bring PV system into a safe state <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Analysis from fire incidents in PV systems A.1 General Figure A.1 \u2013 Number of identified incidents and severity of effecton surroundings for a total of about 400 fire reports Figure A.2 \u2013 Distribution of fire reports depending on mounting type Table A.1 \u2013 Number of incidents with a certain damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | A.2 Component where fire started Figure A.3 \u2013 For cases of damaged buildings only:distribution of fire reports depending on mounting type Figure A.4 \u2013 Counts of system section where fire started <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | A.3 Cause of incident Figure A.5 \u2013 Counts of component where fire started Figure A.6 \u2013 Distribution of identified causes of fire incidents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | A.4 When did incidents occur? Figure A.7 \u2013 Number of incidents over operation system age <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Managing fire risk related to photovoltaic (PV) systems on buildings<\/b><\/p>\n |