{"id":456949,"date":"2024-10-20T09:48:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T09:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-c37-236-2013-2\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T18:15:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T18:15:41","slug":"ieee-c37-236-2013-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-c37-236-2013-2\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE C37.236-2013"},"content":{"rendered":"

New IEEE Standard – Active. Guidance for the power system user in applying, installing and operating digital communication channels for the purpose of protective relaying is provided in this guide.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nIEEE Std C37.236-2013 front cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nNotice to users
Laws and regulations
Copyrights
Updating of IEEE documents
Errata
Patents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nParticipants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nContents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nIMPORTANT NOTICE
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n2. Definitions and acronyms
2.1 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n3. Types of digital teleprotection equipment
3.1 Standalone teleprotection systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n3.2 Teleprotection integrated with relay devices
3.3 Teleprotection integrated with multiplexed communication devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n4. Communications infrastructure
4.1 Noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.1.1 Power system coupled noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n4.1.2 Noise generated by the communication systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n4.2 Connections
4.2.1 Digital electrical interfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n4.2.2 Audio to digital interfaces
4.2.3 Fiber optic interfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n4.2.4 Connection issues
4.3 Signal attenuation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n4.4 Radio frequency interference <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n4.5 Connections to non-substation hardened equipment
4.6 Environmental standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n5. Security dependability, and speed
5.1 Security
5.2 Dependability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n5.3 Speed
6. Digital communications transport technology
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Fiber optics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n6.2.1 Fiber optic types and considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n6.2.2 Dedicated point to point (dark) fiber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n6.2.3 IEEE C37.94 fiber optic channel interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n6.2.4 Electrical to fiber converters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n6.3 Digital microwave
6.3.1 Microwave considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n6.3.2 Microwave losses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n6.3.3 Digital microwave topologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n6.3.4 Digital microwave channel performance
6.4 Spread spectrum radio communication
6.4.1 Frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology
6.4.2 Direct-sequence spread spectrum technology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n6.4.3 Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing technology
6.4.4 Path engineering considerations
6.4.5 Path issues
6.4.6 Requirements on relays
6.4.7 Requirements on teleprotection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n6.4.8 Requirements on communication
6.4.9 Radio protocols
6.4.10 Speed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n6.4.11 Interference characteristics and mitigation techniques
6.5 Multiplexers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n6.5.1 Digital telephone hierarchy (T1)
6.5.2 SONET hierarchy
6.5.3 Communications configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n6.5.4 Digital channel characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n6.5.5 Switching networks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n6.5.6 Interfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n6.6 Digital phone line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n6.7 Ethernet
6.7.1 Use of IEC 61850 for the communication between substations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n6.8 Audio communications over digital networks
6.8.1 Effects of digital noise on audio teleprotection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n6.8.2 How to improve analog performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n6.9 Satellite
7. Power schemes
7.1 Current differential scheme <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n7.2 AC pilot-wire relays <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n7.3 Phase comparison schemes
7.3.1 Single-phase comparison <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n7.3.2 Dual phase comparison
7.3.3 Segregated phase comparison
7.4 Directional comparison schemes
7.4.1 Direct under-reaching transfer trip <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n7.4.2 Permissive under-reaching transfer trip <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n7.4.3 Permissive over-reaching transfer trip
7.4.4 Directional comparison block <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n7.4.5 Directional comparison unblocking
7.4.6 Directional comparison hybrid (unblocking scheme with echo logic) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n8. Planning
8.1 Digital communication schemes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n8.2 Interoperability
8.2.1 Manufacturers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n8.2.2 Protocols
8.2.3 Communication technologies
8.3 Redundancy and diversity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n9. Testing and troubleshooting installed equipment
9.1 Loopbacks
9.2 Coordination between communications and relaying
9.3 Alarms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n9.3.1 Types of alarm indication outputs
9.4 Monitoring
9.5 Maintenance
9.5.1 Preventative based maintenance
9.5.2 Condition based maintenance
9.5.3 Performance based maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Guide for Power System Protective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":456956,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-456949","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/456949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/456956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=456949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=456949"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=456949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}