{"id":557458,"date":"2024-11-05T18:18:05","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T18:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/esdu-100112010\/"},"modified":"2024-11-05T18:18:05","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T18:18:05","slug":"esdu-100112010","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/esdu\/esdu-100112010\/","title":{"rendered":"ESDU 10011:2010"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This Item gives the results of fatigue tests on titanium and<br \/>\ntitanium alloy specimens, excited by narrow-band loading of random<br \/>\namplitude with zero mean load in order to simulate the stress<br \/>\nresponse to acoustic loading. The specimens, also called coupons,<br \/>\nare small structural elements which are typical of those used in<br \/>\naircraft and space structures. The coupons are either simple<br \/>\ncantilevers or built-up T-pieces. The specimens were vibrated until<br \/>\nfailure occurred. For a narrow band Gaussian process the number of<br \/>\nupward zero crossings per unit time is nearly equal to the centre<br \/>\nfrequency of the process, thus the number of cycles to failure, or<br \/>\nthe equivalent endurance, is equal to the product of the centre<br \/>\nfrequency (in Hz) and the time to failure (in s) (Reference 17).<br \/>\nThe equation relating <i>S<sub>rms<\/sub><\/i>\u00a0\u00a0, the<br \/>\nroot mean-squared value of alternating stress, to <i>N<\/i>, the<br \/>\nnumber of cycles to failure, is assumed to have a form similar to<br \/>\nthe Basquin equation.<\/p>\n<p>where is the fatigue strength exponent or the Basquin exponent<br \/>\nand is a constant. The aim of the tests was to produce plots of<br \/>\nstress against number of cycles to failure in a logarithmic<br \/>\ncoordinate system, and to find a line which is best fitted to the<br \/>\ndata. The common logarithm of the stress is plotted against the<br \/>\ncommon logarithm of the endurance and a straight line is fitted to<br \/>\ndata by the method of least squares. The slope of the line is a.<br \/>\nThe constant <i>k<\/i>=<i>S<sub>rms<\/sub><\/i>(1)\u00a0refers to<br \/>\nthe value of <i>S<sub>rms<\/sub><\/i>at 1 cycle. Although the S<br \/>\n-Nline is obtained from coupon tests, the results could be used to<br \/>\npredict the life of more realistic stiffened panel structures.<br \/>\nExtrapolation of the lines beyond 10<sup>8<\/sup> cycles, where no<br \/>\ndata is available, is expected to lead to an underestimate of<br \/>\nendurance. The Item was originally published as ESDU 73010 (see<br \/>\nalso Reference 6).<\/p>\n<p>Failure is characterised by a decrease in the resonance<br \/>\nfrequency of the coupon and an increase in damping. Cracks are<br \/>\nsometimes visible at failure. The stress is measured by a reference<br \/>\nstrain gauge or transducer, located approximately at a position<br \/>\nwhere a crack is expected.<\/p>\n<p>The materials used are commercially pure titanium, a titanium<br \/>\nalloy with 2% copper and a titanium alloy with 6% aluminium and 4%<br \/>\nvanadium. Further details of the materials are given in Section 5.<br \/>\nIn one series of tests superplastic forming and diffusion bonding<br \/>\nwas used in the preparation of the coupons. Some tests were carried<br \/>\nout at elevated temperatures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><b>Endurance of Titanium and Titanium Alloy Structural Elements Subjected to Simulated Acoustic Loading<\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Published By<\/td>\n<td>Publication Date<\/td>\n<td>Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product-category\/publishers\/esdu\/\"><b>ESDU<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td>2010-03<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":557467,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2675],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-557458","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-esdu","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/557458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/557467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=557458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=557458"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=557458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}