{"id":80981,"date":"2024-10-17T18:50:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T18:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-141-1994\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T19:45:19","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T19:45:19","slug":"ieee-141-1994","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-141-1994\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE 141 1994"},"content":{"rendered":"

Revision Standard – Active. This IEEE Standards product is part of the Color Books family. A thorough analysis of basic electrical-systems considerations is presented. Guidance is provided in design, construction, and continuity of an overall system to achieve safety of life and preservation of property; reliability; simplicity of operation; voltage regulation in the utilization of equipment within the tolerance limits under all load conditions; care and maintenance; and flexibility to permit development and expansion. Recommendations are made regarding system planning; voltage considerations; surge voltage protection; system protective devices; fault calculations; grounding; power switching, transformation, and motor-control apparatus; instruments and meters; cable systems; busways; electrical energy conservation; and cost estimation.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nParticipants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nAcknowledgments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nChapter 1\u2014Overview
1.1 Scope and general information
1.2 Industrial plants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n1.3 Industry Applications Society (IAS) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n1.4 Professional registration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n1.5 Professional liability
1.6 Codes and standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n1.7 Handbooks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n1.8 Periodicals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n1.9 Manufacturers\u2019 Data
1.10 Safety <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n1.11 Maintenance
1.12 Design considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n1.13 Estimating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n1.14 Contracts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n1.15 Access and loading
1.16 Contractor performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n1.17 Environmental considerations
1.18 Technical files
1.19 Electronic systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n1.20 Programmable logic controller (PLC)
1.21 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nChapter 2\u2014System planning
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definitions
2.3 Basic design considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n2.4 Planning guide for the supply and distribution system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n2.5 Power system modernization and evaluation studies\/programs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n2.6 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n2.7 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nChapter 3\u2014Voltage considerations
3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n3.2 Voltage control in electric power systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n3.3 Voltage selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n3.4 Voltage ratings for low-voltage utilization equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n3.5 Effect of voltage variations on low-voltage and medium-voltage utilization equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n3.6 Voltage drop considerations in locating the low-voltage secondary distribution system power s… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n3.7 Improvement of voltage conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n3.8 Phase-voltage unbalance in three-phase systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n3.9 Voltage sags and flicker <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n3.10 Harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n3.11 Calculation of voltage drops <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\n3.12 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n3.13 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\nChapter 4\u2014Short-circuit current calculations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sources of fault current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n4.3 Fundamentals of short-circuit current calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n4.4 Restraints of simplified calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\n4.5 Detailed procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\n4.6 Example of short-circuit current calculation for a power system with several voltage levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\n4.7 Example of short-circuit current calculation for a low-voltage system (under 1000 V) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
179<\/td>\n4.8 Calculation of short-circuit currents for dc systems
4.9 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\n4.10 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nChapter 5\u2014Application and coordination of protective devices
5.1 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\n5.2 Analysis of system behavior and protection needs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\n5.3 Protective devices and their applications [B23], [B42], [B65] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\n5.4 Performance limitations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\n5.5 Principles of protective relay application [B23], [B43], [B65] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\n5.6 Protection requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\n5.7 Use and interpretation of time-current coordination curves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
269<\/td>\n5.8 Specific examples\u2014applying the fundamentals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\n5.9 Acceptance testing (commissioning), maintenance, and field testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\n5.10 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\nChapter 6\u2014Surge voltage protection
6.1 Nature of the problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\n6.2 Traveling-wave behavior <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
331<\/td>\n6.3 Insulation voltage withstand characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
339<\/td>\n6.4 Arrester characteristics and ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
345<\/td>\n6.5 Arrester selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
347<\/td>\n6.6 Selection of arrester class <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
349<\/td>\n6.7 Application concepts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
364<\/td>\n6.8 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
366<\/td>\n6.9 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
372<\/td>\nChapter 7\u2014Grounding
7.1 Introduction
7.2 System grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
379<\/td>\n7.3 Equipment grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
384<\/td>\n7.4 Static and lightning protection grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
388<\/td>\n7.5 Connection to earth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
392<\/td>\n7.6 Ground resistance measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
398<\/td>\n7.7 References
7.8 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
402<\/td>\nChapter 8\u2014Power factor and related considerations
8.1 General scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
403<\/td>\n8.2 Current and power flow fundamentals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
406<\/td>\n8.3 Benefits of power-factor improvement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
411<\/td>\n8.4 Typical plant power factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
413<\/td>\n8.5 Instruments and measurements for power-factor studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
414<\/td>\n8.6 Techniques to improve the power factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
419<\/td>\n8.7 Calculation methods for improving power factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
420<\/td>\n8.8 Location of reactive power supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
421<\/td>\n8.9 Capacitors with induction motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
431<\/td>\n8.10 Capacitor standards and operating characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
434<\/td>\n8.11 Controls for switched capacitors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
436<\/td>\n8.12 Transients and capacitor switching <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
444<\/td>\n8.13 Protection of capacitors and capacitor banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
446<\/td>\n8.14 Resonance and harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
447<\/td>\n8.15 Inspection and field testing of power capacitors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
449<\/td>\n8.16 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
451<\/td>\n8.17 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
452<\/td>\nChapter 9\u2014Harmonics in power systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Importance of understanding effects of harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
453<\/td>\n9.3 History of harmonic problems and solutions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
454<\/td>\n9.4 Definition and sources of harmonic currents and voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
456<\/td>\n9.5 Characteristics of harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
458<\/td>\n9.6 Static power converter theory <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
464<\/td>\n9.7 System response characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
467<\/td>\n9.8 Effects of harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
475<\/td>\n9.9 Harmonic analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
476<\/td>\n9.10 Mitigation techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
480<\/td>\n9.11 Industry standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
482<\/td>\n9.12 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
484<\/td>\nChapter 10\u2014Power switching, transformation, and motor control apparatus
10.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
487<\/td>\n10.2 Switching apparatus for power circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
501<\/td>\n10.3 Switchgear <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
512<\/td>\n10.4 Transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
528<\/td>\n10.5 Unit substations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
530<\/td>\n10.6 Motor control equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
538<\/td>\n10.7 Adjustable speed drives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
541<\/td>\n10.8 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
545<\/td>\nChapter 11\u2014 Instruments and meters
11.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
548<\/td>\n11.2 Basic objectives
11.3 Switchboard and panel instruments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
550<\/td>\n11.4 Portable instruments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
551<\/td>\n11.5 Recording instruments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
552<\/td>\n11.6 Miscellaneous instruments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
553<\/td>\n11.7 Meters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
557<\/td>\n11.8 Auxiliary devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
559<\/td>\n11.9 Typical installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
560<\/td>\n11.10 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
561<\/td>\nChapter 12\u2014 Cable systems
12.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
562<\/td>\n12.2 Cable construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
574<\/td>\n12.3 Cable outer finishes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
578<\/td>\n12.4 Cable ratings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
587<\/td>\n12.5 Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
594<\/td>\n12.6 Connectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
600<\/td>\n12.7 Terminations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
609<\/td>\n12.8 Splicing devices and techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
613<\/td>\n12.9 Grounding of cable systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
614<\/td>\n12.10 Protection from transient overvoltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
615<\/td>\n12.11 Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
621<\/td>\n12.12 Locating cable faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
625<\/td>\n12.13 Cable specification
12.14 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
627<\/td>\n12.15 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
629<\/td>\nChapter 13\u2014Busways
13.1 Origin
13.2 Busway construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
631<\/td>\n13.3 Feeder busway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
632<\/td>\n13.4 Plug-in busway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
634<\/td>\n13.5 Lighting busway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
635<\/td>\n13.6 Trolley busway
13.7 Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
636<\/td>\n13.8 Selection and application of busways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
642<\/td>\n13.9 Layout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
643<\/td>\n13.10 Installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
645<\/td>\n13.11 Field testing
13.12 Busways over 600 V (metal-enclosed bus) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
647<\/td>\n13.13 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
649<\/td>\nChapter 14\u2014Electrical conservation through energy management
14.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
650<\/td>\n14.2 Finding energy conservation opportunities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
651<\/td>\n14.3 The energy management process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
654<\/td>\n14.4 Calculating energy savings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
661<\/td>\n14.5 Load management <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
663<\/td>\n14.6 Efficiencies of electrical equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
666<\/td>\n14.7 Metering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
668<\/td>\n14.8 Lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
677<\/td>\n14.9 Cogeneration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
678<\/td>\n14.10 Peak shaving
14.11 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
680<\/td>\n14.12 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
683<\/td>\nChapter 15\u2014Industrial substations: Plant-utility interface considerations
15.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
686<\/td>\n15.2 Planning stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
697<\/td>\n15.3 Design stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
705<\/td>\n15.4 Construction stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
707<\/td>\n15.5 Operating stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
708<\/td>\n15.6 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
711<\/td>\nChapter 16\u2014Cost estimating of industrial power systems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Information required <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
712<\/td>\n16.3 Factors to be considered
16.4 Preparing the cost estimate
16.5 Classes of estimates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
713<\/td>\n16.6 Equipment and material costs
16.7 Installation costs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
714<\/td>\n16.8 Other costs
16.9 Example <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
715<\/td>\n16.10 Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
727<\/td>\nAnnex 16A Selected sources for cost-estimating information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
729<\/td>\nAnnex A\u2014Power system device function numbers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n1994<\/td>\n736<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":80982,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-80981","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/80981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=80981"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=80981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}