ACI 209R 92 1992

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209R-92: Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures (Reapproved 2008)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ACI	1992	47

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Description

This report reviews the methods for predicting creep, shrinkage and temperature effects in concrete structures. It presents the designer with a unified and digested approach to the problem of volume changes in concrete. The individual chapters have been written in such a way that they can be used almost independently from the rest of the report. The report is generally consistent with ACI 318 and includes material indicated in the Code, but not specifically defined therein. Keywords: beams (supports); buckling; camber; composite construction (concrete to concrete); compressive strength; concretes; concrete slabs; cracking (frao turing); creep properties; curing; deflection; flat concrete plates; flexural strength; girders; lightweight-aggregate concretes; modulus of elasticity; moments of inertia;precast concrete; prestressed concrete: prestress loss; reinforced concrete: shoring; shrinkage; strains; stress relaxation; structural design; temperature; thermal expansion; two-way slabs: volume change; warpage.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	CONTENTS
2	CHAPTER 1- GENERAL 1.1-Scope
3	1.2-Nature of the problem 1.3-Definitions of terms 1.3.1 Shrinkage 1.3.2 Creep
4	1.3.3 Relaxation 1.3.4 Modulus of elasticity 1.3.5 Contraction and expansion CHAPTER 2- MATERIAL RESPONSE 2.1-Introduction 2.2-Strength and elastic properties 2.2.1 Concrete compressive strength versus time
5	2.2.2 Modulus of rupture, direct tensile strength and modulus of elasticity 2.3-Theory for predicting creep and shrinkage of concrete
6	2.4-Recommended creep and shrinkage equations for standard conditions
7	2.5-Correction factors for conditions other than the 2.5.1 Loading age 2.5.2 Differential shrinkage 2.5.3 Initial moist curing 2.5.4 Ambient relative humidity 2.5.5 Average thickness of member other than 6 in. (150 mm) or volume-surface ratio other than 1.5 in. (38 mm)
8	2.5.5.a Average-thickness method 2.5.5.b Volume-surface ratio method 2.5.6 Temperature other than 70 F (21 C) 2.6- Correction factors for concrete composition
9	2.6.1 Slump 2.6.2 Fine aggregate percentage 2.6.3 Cement content 2.6.4 Air content 2.6.5 Shrinkage ratio of concretes with equivalent paste quality 2.7- Example 2.8-Other methods for predictions of creep and shrink-age 2.8.1 Remark on refined creep formulas needed for special structures
10	2.9-Thermal expansion coefficient of concrete
11	2.9.1 Factors affecting the expansion coefficient 2.9.2 Prediction of thermal expansion coefficient Untitled 2.10-Standards cited in this report
12	CHAPTER 3- FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRUCTURAL RESPONSE-ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS 3.1- Introduction 3.2-Principal facts and assumptions 3.2.1 Principal facts 3.2.2 Assumptions
13	3.3-Simplified methods of creep analysis 3.3.1 Cases in which the gradual time change of stress due to creep and shrinkage is small and has little effect 3.3.2 Cases in which the gradual time change of stress due to creep and shrinkage is significant 3.4-Effect of cracking in reinforced and prestressed
14	3.5-Effective compression steel in flexural members 3.6-Deflections due to warping 3.6.1 Warping due to shrinkage
15	3.6.2-Methods of computing shrinkage curvature
16	3.7-Interdependency between steel relaxation, creep and CHAPTER 4- RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES IN WHICH TIME-CHANGE OF STRESSES DUE TO CREEP, SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE IS NEGLIGIBLE 4.1- Introduction 4.1.1 Assumptions 4.1.2 Presentation of equations 4.2-Deflections of reinforced concrete beam and slab 4.2.1 Deflection of noncomposite reinforced concrete beams and one-way slab
17	4.3- Deflection of composite precast reinforced beams in 4.3.1 Deflection of unshored composite beams
18	4.3.2 Deflection of shored composite beams 4.4-Loss of prestress and camber in noncomposite prestressed beams 4.4.1 Loss of prestress in prestressed concrete beams 4.4.2 Camber of noncomposite prestressed concrete beams
19	4.5-Loss of prestress and camber of composite precast and prestressed beams, unshored and shored constructions 4.5.1 Loss of prestress of composite precast-beams and prestressed beams
20	4.5.2 Camber of composite beams-precast beams prestressed unshored and shored construction
21	4.6-Example: Ultimate midspan loss of prestress and 4.7-Deflection of reinforced concrete flat plates and two-way slabs
22	4.8-Time-dependent shear deflection of reinforced concrete 4.8.1 Shear deflection due to creep 4.8.2 Shear deflection due to shrinkage 4.9-Comparison of measured and computed deflections, cambers and prestress losses using procedures in this chapter CHAPTER 5- RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES WITH SIGNIFICANT TIME CHANGE OF STRESS 5.1-Scope
23	5.2-Concrete aging and the age-adjusted effective modulus method 5.3-Stress relaxation after a sudden imposed deformation 5.4-Stress relaxation after a slowly imposed deformation
24	5.5- Effect of change in statical system 5.5.1 Stress relaxation after a change in statical system 5.5.2 Long-time deflection due to creep after a change in statical system 5.6-Creep buckling deflections of an eccentrically compressed 5.7-Two cantilevers of unequal age connected at time 5.8-Loss of compression in slab and deflection of a steel-concrete composite beam
25	5.9-Other cases 5.10-Example: Effect of creep on a two-span beam coupled after loading ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES
29	NOTATION
32	TABLES Table 2.2.1
33	Table 2.2.2
34	Table 2.4.1 Table 2.5.1
35	Table 2.5.3 Table 2.5.4 Table 2.5.5.1
36	Table 2.5.5.2 Table 2.7.1
37	Table 2.7.2 Table 2.9.1
38	Table 2.9.2 Table 2.9.3
39	Table 3.5.1 Table 3.7.1
40	Table 3.7.2 Table 3.7.3 Table 4.2.1
41	Table 4.4.1.1
42	Table 4.4.1.2 Table 4.4.1.3
43	Table 4.4.2.1
44	Table 4.6.1
45	Table 4.6.2
46	Table 4.6.3 Table 4.6.4
47	Table 4.7.1 Table 5.1.1

Additional information

Standard Title	209R-92: Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures (Reapproved 2008)
Published Code	ACI
Publication Date	1992
Pages Count	47

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