Developed by ICC and American Wood Council, this first edition provides an overview of requirements for mass timber construction as found in the 2021 International Building Code\u00ae (IBC\u00ae). The document reviews the 2015 IBC\u2019s recognition of cross-laminated timber (CLT), the reorganization of heavy timber provisions in the 2018 IBC, followed by the historic changes in the 2021 IBC and International Fire Code\u00ae (IFC\u00ae) for tall mass timber construction. The 2021 IBC and IFC include important changes in material technologies and their expanded use as proposed by the ICC Ad Hoc Committee on Tall Wood Buildings. Three new types of construction (Types IV-A, IV-B and IV-C) defined and included in the 2021 codes allow the use of mass timber for buildings of taller heights, more stories above grade, and greater allowable areas compared to existing provisions for heavy timber buildings. Features: More than 100 full-color photos, illustrations and tables enhance comprehension and help users visualize requirements Content accurately reflects mass timber provisions in the 2015, 2018 and 2021 IBC, and 2021 IFC \u201cChange Significance\u201d topics reinforce the content and offer helpful background regarding code provisions Results are provided for five fire tests in a fully furnished structure constructed to simulate Types IV-A, IV-B and IV-C Detailed examples facilitate comprehension of code application and methods of determining code compliance Application of energy, sound transmission, structural loads, and other code provisions to mass timber construction 50 practice questions to help users prepare for ICC certification exams This is an incredibly valuable and time-saving reference for architects, engineers, building\/fire officials and inspectors.<\/p>\n
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| 1<\/td>\n | MASS TIMBER BUILDINGS AND THE IBC\u00ae <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 2<\/td>\n | MASS TIMBER BUILDINGS AND THE IBC\u00ae TITLE PAGE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 3<\/td>\n | COPYRIGHT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | TABLE 1. REQUIRED FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF BUILDING ELEMENTS IN HOURS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | DOCUMENT USE, STRUCTURE AND LIMITATIONS ABOUT THE AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL\u00ae <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | PART 1: ADMINISTRATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 110.3.5 TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONNECTION PROTECTION INSPECTION FIGURE 1-1 WOOD COVER PROTECTION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBER CONNECTIONS TO ACHIEVE A FIRE RESISTANCE RATING REQUIRE INSPECTION BY THE BUILDING OFFICIAL PER IBC SECTION 110.3.5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 202 DEFINITION OF WALL, LOAD-BEARING FIGURE 2-1 MASS TIMBER LOAD BEARING WALL USED IN ATF FIRE TESTS CONDUCTED TO VERIFY PERFORMANCE FOR TYPE IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 202 DEFINITION OF MASS TIMBER FIGURE 2-2 MASS TIMBER IS DEFINED AS STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION PRIMARILY OF SOLID, BUILT-UP, PANELIZED OR ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS THAT MEET MINIMUM CROSS SECTION DIMENSIONS OF TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION. GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER AND CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER ARE SHOWN HERE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | FIGURE 2-3(A) SOLID-SAWN LUMBER MASS TIMBER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | FIGURE 2-3(B) STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE LUMBER MASS TIMBER FIGURE 2-3(C) GLULAM AND CLT MASS TIMBER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 202 DEFINITION OF NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION (FOR MASS TIMBER) FIGURE 2-4 NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION FOR MASS TIMBER <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 202 DEFINITIONS OF PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FRAME AND SECONDARY STRUCTURAL MEMBERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | FIGURE 2-5 (A) MASS TIMBER FLOOR PANELS BEING SET IN PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION FIGURE 2-5 (B) FLOORS IN BROCK COMMONS MASS TIMBER BUILDING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ARE DESIGNED AS TWO-WAY SLABS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 2015 IBC 202 DEFINITION OF CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER FIGURE 2-6 CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) PANELS ARE PREFABRICATED AND SIZES VARY BY MANUFACTURER, BUT CA INCLUDE THREE, FIVE, SEVEN OR MORE LAYERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | FIGURE 2-7 (A) PLATFORM FRAMING FIGURE 2-7 (B) COLUMNS AND BEAMS SUPPORTING CLT FLOOR PANELS FIGURE 2-7 (C) BALLOON FRAMING USING LEDGERS TO SUPPORT CLT PANELS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | PART 2: BUILDING PLANNING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | IBC 403.3.2 AND IFXC 914.3.1.2 WATER SUPPLY TO REQUIRED FIRE PUMPS FIGURE 4-1 REDUNDANT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ARE REQUIRED, IN BOTH THE 2021 IBC AND IFC, FOR SPRINKLER SYSTEMS IN TYPES IV-A AND IV-B CONSTRUCTION TALLER THAN 120 FEET <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | TABLES 504.3, 504.4 AND 506.2 GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS FIGURE 5-1 NEW HEIGHTS AND AREAS PROVISIONS IN THE 2021 IBC INCLUDE THREE NEW TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION: TYPE IV-A, TYPE IV-B AND TYPE IV-C. TYPE IV-HT PRESERVES TRADITIONAL HEAVY TIMBER PROVISIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | TABLE 504.3 ALLOWABLE BUILDING HEIGHT IN FEET ABOVE GRADE PLANE TABLE 504.4 ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF STORIES ABOVE GRADE PLANE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | TABLE 504.4 ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF STORIES ABOVE GRADE PLANE-CONTINUED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | TABLE 504.4 ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF STORIES ABOVE GRADE PLANE-CONTINUED TABLE 506.2 ALLOWABLE AREA FACTOR <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | TABLE 506.2 ALLOWABLE AREA FACTOR-CONTINUED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | TABLE 506.2 ALLOWABLE AREA FACTOR-CONTINUED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 508.4.4.1 AND 509.4.1.1 SEPARATED OCCUPANCIES AND INCIDENTAL USE SEPARATIONS FIGURE 5-2 TYPE IV-C CONSTRUCTION WITH SEPARATED MIXED USE BUSINESS AND RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 602.4 TYPE IV FIGURE 6-1 THREE NEW TYPES OF MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION WERE ADDED TO IBC SECTION 602.4 UNDER TYPE IV\u2014TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | TABLE 601 FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING ELEMENTS (HOURS) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-2 USE OF MASS TIMBER (CLT) SHAFT WALLS AT REDSTONE PROVIDED FIRE BARRIER CONTINUITY. EACH OF THE SHAFT WALLS WAS A SINGLE 37.5 FOOT-LONG PANEL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-3 IN FULL-HEIGHT MASS TIMBER SHAFT WALL APPLICATIONS, ADJACENT FLOOR FRAMING IS TYPICALLY SUPPORTED ON A LEDGER ATTACHED TO THE MASS TIMBER SHAFT WALL OUTSIDE FACE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | 602.4.1 TYPE IV-A FIGURE 6-4 NEW IBC SECTION 602.4.1 DEFINES TYPE IV-A CONSTRUCTION THAT IS COMPRISED OF COMPLETELY PROTECTED MASS TIMBER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. FULL-SCALE, MULTIPLE-STORY FIRE TESTS WERE CONDUCTED TO SIMULATE THE THREE NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES AT THE ATF FIRE TEST LAB <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-5 TYPE IV-A EXTERIOR WALLS REQUIRE COMPLETE PROTECTION OF INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SURFACES BY NON-COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS SUCH AS GYPSUM BOARD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | 602.4.2 TYPE IV-B FIGURE 6-6 NEW IBC SECTION 602.4.2 DEFINES TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION THAT ALLOWS PARTIALLY EXPOSED MASS TIMBER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS THE FLOOR\/CEILING ASSEMBLY TEST AT THE ATF FIRE TEST LAB <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-7 TYPE IV-B EXTERIOR WALLS REQUIRE COMPLETE PROTECTION OF EXTERIOR SURFACES BY NONCOMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS SUCH AS GYPSUM BOARD, INTERIOR SURFACES MAY HAVE SOME EXPOSED WOOD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-8(A) FIGURE 6-8(B) IN TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION, UNPROTECTED PORTIONS OF MASS TIMBER CEILINGS, INCLUDING ATTACHED BEAMS, ARE LIMITED TO AN AREA EQUAL TO NOT MORE THAN 20% OF THE BASE FLOOR AREA FIGURE 6-9 IN TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION, UNPROTECTED PORTIONS OF MASS TIMBER WALLS, INCLUDING ATTACHED COLUMNS, ARE LIMITED TO AN AREA EQUAL TO NOT MORE THAN 40% OF THE BASE FLOOR AREA FIGURE 6-10 IN TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION, UNPROTECTED PORTIONS OF MASS TIMBER WALLS AND CEILINGS, INCLUDING ATTACHED COLUMNS AND BEAMS, ARE PERMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH AN EQUATION FOR SUMMING RATIOS OF ACTUAL EXPOSED AREAS TO ALLOWABLE EXPOSED AREAS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | EXAMPLE 6-1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-11 IN TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION, UNPROTECTED PORTIONS OF MASS TIMBER WALLS AND CEILINGS MUST BE AT LEAST 15 FEET FROM UNPROTECTED PORTIONS OF OTHER WALLS AND CEILINGS, MEASURED HORIZONTALLY. THE EXAMPLE SHOWN WOULD NOT BE PERMITTED FOR TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | EXAMPLE 6-2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | EXAMPLE 6-3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | EXAMPLE 6-4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | 602.4.3 TYPE IV-C FIGURE 6-12 TYPE IV-C CONSTRUCTION AS DEFINED IN IBC SECTION 602.4.3 PERMITS FULLY EXPOSED MASS TIMBER ON THE INTERIOR OF THE BUILDING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | FIGURE 6-13 TYPE IV-C EXTERIOR WALLS REQUIRE COMPLETE PROTECTION OF EXTERIOR SURFACES BY NONCOMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS SUCH AS GYPSUM BOARD. INTERIOR SURFACES MAY HAVE COMPLETELY EXPOSED WOOD EXCEPT FOR CONCEALED SPACES, SHAFTS, ELEVATOR HOISTWAYS AND INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY ENCLOSURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | 602.4.4 TYPE IV-HT FIGURE 6-14 WHAT USED TO BE SIMPLY TYPE IV IS NOW DESIGNATED TYPE IV-HT TO DISTINGUISH IT FROM THE NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | 2018 IBC 602.4 TYPE IV TABLE 6-1 RELOCATION SUMMARY OF CERTAIN HEAVY TIMBER PROVISIONS FROM IBC CHAPTER 6 TO CHAPTER 23 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 75<\/td>\n | 2015 IBC 602.4 TYPE IV TABLE 602.4 WOOD MEMBER SIZE EQUIVALENCIES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 78<\/td>\n | PART 3: FIRE PROTECTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | 703.6, 703.7, 704.4, 705.5 AND 718.2.1 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES FIGURE 7-1 THE PERFORMANCE METHOD GIVEN IN IBC SECTION 703.6 DESCRIBES THE METHODOLOGY BY WHICH THE CONTRIBUTION OF NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION TO THE OVERALL FRR OF A MASS TIMBER ASSEMBLY IS DETERMINED. NONCOMBUSTILE PROTECTION TIMES LISTED IN TABLE 722.7.1 (1) WHICH WERE CONFIRMED BY TESTING ARE DEEMED TO COMPLY WITH THIS PROVISION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | TABLE 705.5 FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERIOR WALLS BASED ON FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | FIGURE 7-2 IN BUILDINGS OF TYPE IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION. IBC SECTION 703.7 REQUIRES THAT SEALANT OR ADHESIVE BE PROVIDED TO PREVENT AIRFLOW AT INTERSECTIONS OF PANELS, BEAMS AND COLUMNS. THE SEALANT OR ADHESIVE WOULD NOT NORMALLY BE SEEN PROTRUDING FROM INTERSECTIONS AS SHOWN HERE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 83<\/td>\n | 722.7 FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF MASS TIMBER FIGURE 7-3 THE TWB-AHC DETERMINED FIRE TESTING WAS NECESSARY TO VALIDATE ESTABLISHED PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES. CONSEQUENTLY FIVE FULL-SCALE, MULTIPLE-STORY FIRE TESTS WERE CONDUCTED TO SIMULATE THE THREE NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | TABLE 722.7.1(1) PROTECTION REQUIRED FROM NONCOMBUSTIBLE COVERING MATERIAL TABLE 722.7.1(2) PROTECTION OF GYPSUM BOARD NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | FIGURE 7-4 PER IBC SECTION 722.7, THE FRR OF A HORIZONTAL CLT SYSTEM IN TYPE IV-C CONSTRUCTION CAN VE CALCULATED PER NDS CHAPTER 16. WOOD ELEMENTS MAY BE FULLY EXPOSED PER IBC SECTION 602.4.3 FIGURE 7-5 PER IBC SECTION 722.7, THE FRR OF A HORIZONTAL CLT SYSTEM IN TYPE IV-A AND IV-B CONSTRUCTION CAN BE CALCULATED PER NDS CHAPTER 16. THE NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION MUST CALCULATE AS AT LEAST TWO-THIRDS OF THE TOTAL FRR OF THE ASSEMBLY FIGURE 7-6 EXAMPLE OF A MASS TIMBER COLUMN THAT SHOWS PROPER GYPSUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS PER IVC SECTION 722.7.2.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | FIGURE 7-7 INSTALLATION DETAILS PER IBC SECTION 722.7.2.1 FOR GYPSUM BOARD USED AS NONCOMBUSTIBLE FIRE PROTECTION FOR A CEILING ASSEMBLY IN TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 90<\/td>\n | TABLE 7-1 SUMMARY OF SUCCESSFUL FIRE TESTS PERFORMED AT ATF FIRE RESEARCH LABORATORY FIGURE 7-8 TEST 2 AFTER GYPSUM WAS REMOVED FROM THE TEST STRUCTURE SHOWING POST-FIRE CONDITIONS OF THE CLT WALLS AND CEILING AND GLULAM COLUMNS AND BEAMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 91<\/td>\n | FIGURE 7-9 A SAMPLE CROSS-SECTION WAS TAKEN FROM THE EXPOSED CLT CEILING FOLLOWING TEST 2. CHAR WAS ABOUT 1 1\/4 DEEP AND SHOWS THE TRANSITION OF CHAR DEPTH FROM AN EXPOSED AREA TO A PROTECTED AREA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | 701.6 OWNER’S RESPONSIBILITY <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 94<\/td>\n | 803.3 INTERIOR FINISHES-HEAVY TIMBER EXEMPTION FIGURE 8-1 PER IBC SECTION 803.3 EXPOSED PORTIONS OF BUILDING ELEMENTS COMPLYING WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS OF HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION IN SECTION 602.4 SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO INTERIOR FINISH REQUIREMENTS EXCEPT IN INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAYS, INTERIOR EXIT RAMPS AND EXIT PASSAGEWAYS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 96<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 9: FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS FIGURE 9-1 NEW 2021 IBC PROVISIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C THAT GO BEYOND HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITS FOR TRADITIONAL TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION REQUIRE AN NFPA 13-COMPLIANT SPRINKLER SYSTEM. EXTENSIVE TESTING, WITH AND WITHOUT SPRINKLERS, WAS CONDUCTED TO VERIFY PERFORMANCE OF THESE NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 97<\/td>\n | FIGURE 9-2 IN THE FIRST OF TWO SPRINKLER TESTS ALL BEDROOM AND LIVING ROOM MASS TIMBER SURFACES WERE FULLY EXPOSED AND SPRINKLERS ACTIVATED NORMALLY. WITHIN 6 MINUTES, THE FIRE WAS EFFECTIVELY EXTINGUISHED AND DID NOT SPREAD BEYOND THE LOWER KITCHEN CABINET IN WHICH IT WAS IGNITED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 98<\/td>\n | FIGURE 9-3 THE SECOND OF TWO TESTS WITH SPRINKLERS SIMULATED A SCENARIO IN WHICH A SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS MANUALLY CHARGED BY THE FIRE SERVICE UPON THEIR ARRIVAL, FOLLOWING THE UNLIKELY EVENT THAT THE SPRINKLERS FAIL TO ACTIVATE AUTOMATICALLY AGAIN, ALL BEDROOM AND LIVING ROOM MASS TIMBER SURFACES WERE FULLY EXPOSED. FLASHOVER CONDITIONS WERE REACHED IN THE KITCHEN, AND THE BEDROOM VERY NEARLY REACHED FLASHOVER FIGURE 9-4 IN FIRE TEST 5, SPRINKLERS WERE PURPOSEFULLY PREVENTED FROM ACTIVATING AND WERE THEN CHARGED 20 MINUTES AFTER THE TEST 4 SPRINKLER ACRIVATION TIME. WITHIN 7 MINUTES OF MANUAL SPRINKLER CHARGING, THE FIRE WENT FROM FULLY DEVELOPED TO BEING EFFECTIVELY SUPPRESSED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | PART 4: MEANS OF EGRESS AND ELEVATORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 101<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 10: MEANS OF EGRESS FIGURE 10-1 MASS TIMBER (CLT) SHAFT WALLS WERE CHOSEN FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS (UMASS) JOHN W. OLVER DESIGN BUILDING IN AMHERST, MA IN PART TO DEMONSTRATE THAT MASS TIMBER BUILDING ELEMENTS CAN BE USED FOR A NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS, INCLUDING SHAFTS. PER THE 2021 IBC, TALL MASS TIMBER BUILDINGS UP TO AND INCLUDING 12 STORIES OR 180 FEET PERMIT INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY ENCLOSURES TO BE CONSTRUCTED OF MASS TIMBER ELEMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 102<\/td>\n | FIGURE 10-2 FOR INTERIOR EXIT ENCLOSURES IN TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION, THE FRR OF A PROTECTED MASS TIMBER ELEMENT CAN BE DETERMINED BY ADDING THE FRR OF THE UPROTECTED WOOD MEMBER TO THE TIME OF THE NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION APPLIED TO EXPOSED WOOD. HOWEVER, THE FRR MUST BE MET BASED ON FIRE EXPOSURE TO BOTH THE SHAFT SIDE AND ROOM SIDE OF THE MASS TIMBER ELEMENTS PER IBC SECTIONS 602.4.1.6 602.4.2.6 AND 602.4.3.6 FIGURE 10-3 FOR INTERIOR EXIT ENCLOSURES IN TYPE IV-C CONSTRUCTION, MASS TIMBER ALONE CANNOT BE USED TO CALCULATE THE ENCLOSURE FRR SINCE AT LEAST 40 MINUTES OF PROTECTION MUST BE PROVIDED BY NONCOMBUSTIBLE ELEMENTS PER IBC SECTION 602.4.3.6 THERFORE, TO MEET A 2-HOUR FRR, THE MASS TIMBER ELEMENT MUST PROVIDE 80 MINUTES OF THE FRR <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 104<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 30: ELEVATORS FIGURE 30-1 THE FOUR-STORY CANDLEWOOD SUITES AT REDSTON ARSENAL, ALABAMA IS MADE ENTIRELY FROM MASS TIMBER (CLT) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 106<\/td>\n | FIGURE 30-2 FOR HOISTWAY ENCLOSURES IN TYPES IV-A (HEIGHT RESTRICTED TO 12 STORIES OR 180 FEET) IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION, THE FRR OF A PROTECTED MASS TIMBER ELEMENT CAN BE DETERMINED BY ADDING THE FRR OF THE UNPROTECTED WOOD MEMBER TO THE TIME OF THE NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION MUST BE PROVIDED ON BOTH THE SHAFT SIDE AND ROOM SIDE OF THE MASS TIMBER ELEMENTS PER IBC SECTIONS 602.4.1.6, 602.4.2.6 AND 602.4.3.6 FIGURE 30-3 FOR HOISTWAY ENCLOSURES IN TYPE IV-C CONSTRUCTION, MASS TIMBER ALONE CANNOT BE USED TO CALCULATE THE ENCLOSURE FRR SINCE AT LEAST 40 MINUTES OF PROTECTION MUST BE PROVIDED BY NONCOMBUSTIBLE ELEMENTS PER IBC SECTION 602.4.3.6 THEREFORE, TO MEET A 2-HOUR FRR, THE MASS TIMBER ELEMENT MUST PROVIDE 80 MINUTES OF THE FRR <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 108<\/td>\n | PART 5: BUILDING ENVELOPE, STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 110<\/td>\n | 1206 SOUND TRANSMISSION FIGURE 12-1 IBC SECTION 1206 GIVES REQUIREMENTS FOR ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE OF WALLS, PARTITIONS AND FLOOR-CEILING ASSEMBLIES IN MULTI-FAMILY BUILDINGS. AS IN OTHER CONSTRUCTION TYPES, FLOOR-CEILING ASSEMBLIES IN MULTI-FAMILY BUILDINGS. AS IN OTHER CONSTRUCTION TYPES, FLOOR-CEILING AND WALL ASSEMBLIES IN TYPE IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION THAT SEPARATE DWELLING UNITS AND SLEEPING UNITS WILL REQUIRE STC AND IIC RATINGS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 112<\/td>\n | TABLE 12-1 SOUND TRANSMISSION RATINGS OF SELECTED MASS TIMBER PANELS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 113<\/td>\n | FIGURE 12-2 ACOUSTICALLY TESTED MASS TIMBER FLOOR ASSEMBLIES INCLUDE WOOD SLEEPERS ON TOP OF CLT PANELS AND SOUND-ABSORBING MATERIAL SUCH AS SAND OR BATT INSULATION BETWEEN THE SLEEPERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 114<\/td>\n | FIGURE 12-3 TYPICAL MASS TIMBER FLOOR-CEILING ASSEMBLY WITH CONCRETE\/GYPSUM TOPPING AND AN ACOUSTICAL MAT PRODUCT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 115<\/td>\n | TABLE 12-2 EXAMPLES OF MASS TIMBER FLOOR ASSEMBLIES WITH CEILING SIDE CONCEALED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 116<\/td>\n | FIGURE 12-4 INTERIOR CLT PARTITION WALL WITH CHASE WALLS ON BOTH SIDES-STC 58 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 117<\/td>\n | FIGURE 12-5 FLANKING CONTROL DETAIL AT FLOOR\/WALL INTERFACE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 118<\/td>\n | FIGURE 12-6 STC RATINGS OF 52-54 AND 50-62 WERE ACHIEVED FOR FLOOR ASSEMBLIES AND WALL ASSEMBLIES, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE 18-STORY UBC BROCK COMMONS STUDENT HOUSING BUILDING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 119<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 13: ENERGY FIGURE 13-1 EXTERIOR WALLS IN MASS TIMBER BUILDINGS CAN EITHER BE MASS TIMBER PANELS, SUCH AS CLT, OR CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 120<\/td>\n | IECC TABLE C402.1.4 OPAQUE THERMAL ENVELOPE ASSEMBLY MAXIMUM REQUIREMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 123<\/td>\n | TABLE 13-1 REQUIRED MASS TIMBER THICKNESS FOR A MINIMUM HEAT CAPACITY OF 5 BTU TABLE 13-2 REQUIRED MINIMUM THICKNESS OF MASS WALL TO MEET IECC U-FACTORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 124<\/td>\n | TABLE 13-3 REQUIRED MINIMUM THICKNESS OF MASS WALL TO MEET ASHRAE 90.1 U-FACTORS TABLE 13-4 ADDITIONAL MINIMUM R-VALUE FOR A MASS 4 1\/8 INCH THICK CLT WALL UNDER IECC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 125<\/td>\n | TABLE 13-5 ADDITIONAL MINIMUM R-VALUE FOR A MASS 4 1\/8 INCH THICK CLT WALL UNDER ASHRAE 90.1 TABLE 13-6 ADDITIONAL MINIMUM R-VALUE FOR A MASS 6 7\/8 INCH THICK CLT WALL UNDER IECC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 126<\/td>\n | TABLE 13-7 ADDITIONAL MINIMUM R-VALUE FOR A MASS 6 7\/8 INCH THICK CLT WALL UNDER ASHRAE 90.1 TABLE 13-8 ADDITIONAL MINIMUM R-VALUE FOR A NON-MASS 4 1\/8 INCH THICK CLT WALL UNDER IECC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 127<\/td>\n | TABLE 13-9 ADDITIONAL MINIMUM R-VALUE FOR A NON-MASS 4 1\/8 INCH THICK CLT WALL UNDER ASHRAE 90.1 FIGURE 13-2 MASS WALL THAT MEETS IECC U-FACTOR REQUIREMENTS THROUGH CLIMATE ZONE 4 FOR NONRESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES FIGURE 13-3 NON-MASS THAT MEETS IECC U-FACTOR REQUIREMENTS THROUGH CLIMATE ZONE 4 FOR NONRESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 129<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 14: EXTERIOR WALLS FIGURE 14-1 ALL EXTERIOR WALLS OF TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION REQUIRE EXTERIOR WALL COVERINGS TO BE NONCOMBUSTIBLE EXCEPT FOR WATER-RESISTIVE BARRIERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 130<\/td>\n | FIGURE 14-2 THE 18-STORY UBC BROCK COMMONS STUDENT HOUSING BUILDING ENVELOPE IS A PARTIALLY PREFABRICATED STEEL-STUD PANEL SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES EXTERIOR HIGH-DENSITY SEMI-RIGID STONE-WOOL WEATHER AND THERMAL INSULATION BOARD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 131<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 15: ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND STRUCTURES FIGURE 15-1 INTERIOR SURFACES OF ROOF ASSEMBLIES FOR TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION REQUIRE VARYING DEGREES OF PROTECTION. ALL THREE NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES ARE PERMITTED TO HAVE CONVENTIONAL EXTERIOR ROOF COVERINGS CONFORMING TO IBC CHAPTER 15 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 133<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 16: STRUCTURAL LOADS FIGURE 16-1 GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER COLUMNS AND CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER PANELS PROVIDE GRAVITY LOAD RESISTANCE, ADN TWO CONCRETE CORES PROVIDE THE PRIMARY LATERAL RESISTANCE FOR EARTHQUAKE AND WIND LOADING IN THE 18-STORY MASS TIMBER UBC BROCK COMMONS HYBRID MASS TIMBER BUILDING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 134<\/td>\n | FIGURE 16-2 WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS ARE USED OVER A DOWELLAMINATED TIMBER FLOOR SYSTEM TO PROVIDE DIAPHRAGM CAPACITY <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 135<\/td>\n | FIGURE 16-3 SEISMIC RESEARCH ON A FULL SCALE SEVEN STORY CLT BUILDING PROVIDED EXCELLENT RESULTS FIGURE 16-4 THE PLATFORM SYSTEM SHOWN HERE UTILIZES CLT PANELS AS SHEAR WALLS BY CONNECTING THEM TO FLOOR AND CEILING DIAPHRAGMS USING NAILED METAL CONNECTORS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 136<\/td>\n | FIGURE 16-5 THE CLT ROCKING SHEAR WALL SYSTEMS SHOWN HERE UTILIZE POST-TENSIONED STEEL RODS TO PROVIDE RE-CENTERING CAPACITY TO WALLS FIGURE 16-6 PLYWOOD SPLINES NAILED INTO CLT DADOES WITH RING SHANK NAILS TRANSFER IN-PLANE DIAPHRAGM SHEAR FORCES BETWEEN PANELS IN THE 18-STORY UBC BROCK COMMONS BUILDING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 137<\/td>\n | FIGURE 16-7 STEEL STRAPS, FASTENED TO THE CLT FLOOR PLATES WITH PARTIALLY THREADED SCREWS AND BOLTED TO CAST-IN EMBED PLATES, DRAG DIAPHRAGM FORCES INTO THE CORES OF THE 18-STORY UBC BROCK COMMONS BUILDING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 138<\/td>\n | 1705 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS FIGURE 17-1 PER IBC SECTION 1705.5.3 SPECIFIC ELEMENTS REQUIRING PERIODIC SPECIAL INSPECTION FOR CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C INCLUDE ERECTION OF MASS TIMBER ELEMENTS TABLE 1705.5.3 REQUIRED SPECIAL INSPECTIONS OF MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 140<\/td>\n | FIGURE 17-2 PER IBC SECTION 1705.5.3 SPECIFIC ELEMENTS REQUIRING SPECIAL INSPECTION FOR CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C INCLUDE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MASS TIMBER PRODUCTS THAT UTILIZE THREADED, BOLTED OR CONCEALED CONNECTIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 141<\/td>\n | FIGURE 17-3 IN BUILDINGS OF TYPE IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION, IBC SECTION 1705.20 REQUIRES SPECIAL INSPECTION OF SEALANTS OR ADHESIVES SPECIFIED TO RESIST PASSAGE OF AIR AT INTERSECTIONS OF PANELS, BEAMS AND COLUMNS. NOTE THAT SEALANT IS SHOWN HERE, BUT ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS WOULD LIKELY NOT BE VISIBLE AFTER INSTALLATION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 142<\/td>\n | 2304 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS-WOOD FIGURE 23-1 THIS GLULAM BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION ASSEMBLY SHOWS THE RESULTS OF TESTING CONDUCTED AT THE ATF FIRE RESEARCH LAB WHICH WAS USED TO SUPPORT NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C. SOME OF THE GYPSUM WAS PHYSICALLY REMOVED FOLLOWING THE TEST TO REVEAL THE CHAR LAYER ONT HE COLUMN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 146<\/td>\n | FIGURE 23-2 THIS CLT FLOOR-TO-WALL EXAMPLE FROM AWC TECHNICAL REPORT 10 IS BASED ON AN NDS CHAPTER 16 CALCULATION OPTION PERMITTED BY IBC SECTION 2304.10.1 FIGURE 23-3 THIS GLULAM BEAM-TO-COLUMN EXAMPLE FROM AWC TECHNICAL REPORT 10 IS BASED ON AN NDS CHAPTER 16 CALCULATION OPTION PERMITTED BY IBC SECTION 2304.10.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 148<\/td>\n | 2018 IBC 2304.9.3.2 NAILING TABLE 2304.9.3.2 FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR MECHANICALLY LAMINATED DECKING USING LAMINATIONS OF 2-INCH NOMINAL THICKNESS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 150<\/td>\n | 2018 IBC 2304.11 HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 151<\/td>\n | TABLE 2304.11 MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF HEAVY TIMBER STRUCTURAL MEMBERS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 153<\/td>\n | TABLE 23-1 RELOCATION SUMMARY OF CERTAIN HEAVY TIMBER PROVISIONS FROM IBC CHAPTER 6 TO CHAPTER 23 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 154<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 25: GYPSUM BOARD, GYPSUM PANEL PRODUCTS AND PLASTER FIGURE 25-1 PART OF THE TEST PROGRAM AT THE ATF RESEARCH LABORATORY USED TO JUSTIFY APPROVAL OF NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A AND IV-B INCLUDED GYPSUM PROTECTION OF MASS TIMBER ELEMENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 155<\/td>\n | FIGURE 25-2 PER IBC SECTION 722.7, THE FRR OF A HORIZONTAL CLT SYSTEMS IN TYPE IV-A AND IV-B CONSTRUCTION CAN BE CALCULATED PER NDS CHAPTER 16. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 156<\/td>\n | FIGURE 25-3 EXAMPLE OF A MASS TIMBER COLUMN THAT SHOWS PROPER GYPSUM FASTENING REQUIREMENTS PER IBC SECTION 722.7.2.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 157<\/td>\n | FIGURE 25-4 INSTALLATION DETAILS PER IBC SECTION 722.7.2.1 FOR GYPSUM BOARD USED AS NONCOMBUSTIBLE FIRE PROTECTION FOR A CEILING ASSEMBLY IN TYPE IV-B CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 158<\/td>\n | PART 6: SPECIAL CONDITIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 159<\/td>\n | 3102 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION-MEMBRANE STRUCTURES FIGURE 31-1 HEAVY TIMBER FRAME-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES THAT ARE COVERED BY AN APPROVED MEMBRANE SHALL BE CLASSIFIED AS TYPE IV-HT CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 160<\/td>\n | 2021 IFC 3303.3 DAILY FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION FIGURE 33-1 NEW PROVISIONS OF THE 2021 IFC REQUIRE DAILY FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION. THESE PROVISIONS ARE NOT INTENDED EXCLUSIVELY FOR NEW TALL MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION BUT ARE NONETHELESS IMPORTANT FOR THESE CONSTRUCTION TYPES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 162<\/td>\n | 2021 IFC 3303.5 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS OF TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION FIGURE 33-2 NEW PROVISIONS OF THE 2021 IFC REQUIRE ADDITIONAL FIRE PROTECTION WHEN TALL MASS TIMBER BUILDINGS ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION. IFC 3303.5 ADDRESSES NEW CONSTRUCTION TYPES IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 164<\/td>\n | FIGURE 33-3 PER IFC SECTION 3303.5 BOTH INTERIOR (AT LEAST ONE LAYER) AND EXTERIOR REQUIRED FIRE PROTECTION (REPRESENTED AS A GRAY COLOR) SHALL BE APPLIED TO MASS TIMBER ON ALL LEVELS MORE THAN FOUR STORIES BELOW THE FLOOR OF ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 165<\/td>\n | FIGURE 33-4 AS AN EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF IFC SECTION 3303.5 FOR A TYPE IV-A BUILDING, WHEN LEVEL 14 IS THE ACTIVE LEVEL OF CONSTRUCTION, PRIOR TO PLACEMENT OF FLOOR PANELS AT LEVEL 15, AT LEAST ONE LAYER OF PROTECTION IS REQUIRED AT THE UNDERSIDE OF AND BELOW LEVEL 10 FIGURE 33-5 THE 18-STORY BROCK COMMONS MASS TIMBER HYBRID STRUCTURE INCORPORATED TECHNIQUES OF ADDING NONCOMBUSTIBLE PROTECTION ON FLOORS BELOW THE ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION LEVEL. PROTETION INCLUDED ONE LAYER OF TYPE X GYPSUM BOARD ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE CLT PANELS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 166<\/td>\n | 2021 IFC AND 3313 AND 2021 IBC 3313 WATER SUPPLY FOR FIRE PROTECTION FIGURE 33-6 NEW PROVISIONS OF THE 2021 IFC AND 2021 IBC PROVIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM WATER SUPPLY FOR FIRE FLOW AND FOR STANDPIPE SUPPLY DURING CONSTRUCTION. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 170<\/td>\n | PART 7: IBC REFERENCED STANDARDS AND APPENDIX D <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 171<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 35: ANSI\/APA PRG 320 AND ASTM D3498 FIGURE 35-1 IBC SECTION 2303.1.4 REFERENCES THE APPLICABLE PRODUCT STANDARD FOR CLT: ANSI\/APA PRG 320. PRG 320-19 REQUIRES CLT ADHESIVES TO PASS A BOND LINE SHEAR TEST AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 172<\/td>\n | FIGURE 35-2 IN BUILDINGS OF TYPE IV-A, IV-B AND IV-C CONSTRUCTION, IBC SECTION 703.7 REQUIRES THAT A SEALANT OR ADHESIVE BE PROVIDED TO RESIST PASSAGE OF AIR AT ABUTTING EDGES AND INTERSECTIONS OF PANELS, BEAMS AND COLUMNS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO BE FIRE-RESISTANCE RATED <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 173<\/td>\n | D102.2.5 STRUCTURAL FIRE RATING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 174<\/td>\n | PART 8: APPENDICES A, B AND C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 175<\/td>\n | APPENDIX A ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SAFETY ISSUES FIGURE A-1 MASS TIMBER CONSTRUCTION HAS WORKER SAFETY ADVANTAGES AS SHOWN IN THE 18-STORY MASS TIMBER UBC BROCK COMMONS HYBRID MASS TIMBER BUILDING <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 180<\/td>\n | TABLE 2 MASS TIMBER VERSUS TRADITIONAL HOTEL CONSTRUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 184<\/td>\n | APPENDIX A REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 186<\/td>\n | APPENDIX B TECHNICAL RESOURCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 187<\/td>\n | APPENDIX C PRACTICE QUIZ <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 198<\/td>\n | ANSWER KEY <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 200<\/td>\n | BIBLIOGRAPHY <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 204<\/td>\n | INDEX <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 210<\/td>\n | INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION SERVICE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 211<\/td>\n | S.K. GHOSH ASSOCIATES, LLC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mass Timber Buildings and The IBC<\/b><\/p>\n |