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ACI 350M 06 2008

ACI 350M 06 2008

$101.02

350M-06 Metric Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures & Commentary

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ACI 2008 490
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The code portion of this document covers the structural design, materials selection, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Such structures are used for conveying, storing, or treating liquid or other materials such as solid waste. They include ancillary structures for dams, spill-ways, and channels. They are subject to uniquely different loadings, more severe exposure conditions, and more restrictive serviceability requirements than non-environmental building structures. Loadings include normal dead and live loads and vibrating equipment or hydrodynamic forces. Exposures include concentrated chemicals, alternate wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing of saturated concrete. Serviceability requirements include liquid-tightness or gas-tightness. Typical structures include conveyance, storage, and treatment structures. Proper design, materials, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures are required to produce serviceable concrete that is dense, durable, nearly impermeable, and resistant to chemicals, with limited deflections and cracking. Leakage must be controlled to minimize contamination of ground water or the environment, to minimize loss of product or infiltration, and to promote durability. This code presents new material as well as modified portions of the ACI 318M-02 Building Code that are applicable to environmental engineering concrete structures. Because ACI 350M-06 is written as a legal document, it may be adopted by reference in a general building code or in regulations governing the design and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Thus, it cannot present background details or suggestions for carrying out its requirements or intent. It is the function of the commentary to fill this need. The commentary discusses some of the considerations of the committee in developing the ACI 350M Code, and its relationship with ACI 318M. Emphasis is given to the explanation of provisions that may be unfamiliar to some users of the code. References to much of the research data referred to in preparing the code are given for those who wish to study certain requirements in greater detail. The chapter and section numbering of the code are followed throughout the commentary. Among the subjects covered are: permits, drawings and specifications, inspections, materials, concrete quality, mixing and placing, forming, embedded pipes, construction joints, reinforcement details, analysis and design, strength and serviceability, flexural and axial loads, shear and torsion, development of reinforcement, slab systems, walls, footings, precast concrete, prestressed concrete, shell structures, folded plate members, provisions for seismic design, and an alternate design method in Appendix I. The quality and testing of materials used in the construction are covered by reference to the appropriate standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. Criteria for liquid-tightness testing may be found in 350.1. Keywords: chemical attack; coatings; concrete durability; concrete finishing (fresh concrete); concrete slabs, crack width, and spacing; cracking (fracturing); environmental engineering; inspection; joints (junctions); joint sealers; liquid; patching; permeability; pipe columns; pipes (tubes); prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; protective coatings; reservoirs; roofs; serviceability; sewerage; solid waste facilities; tanks (containers); temperature; torque; torsion; vibration; volume change; walls; wastewater treatment; water; water-cementitious material ratio; water supply; water treatment.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
6 INTRODUCTION
13 PART 1 — GENERAL
CHAPTER 1 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 — Scope
14 1.1.1
1.1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
15 1.1.5
16 1.1.6
1.1.7
1.1.7.1
1.1.7.2
1.1.8
17 1.1.8.1
18 1.1.8.2
19 1.1.9
1.2 — Drawings and specifications
1.2.1
20 1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3 — Inspection
1.3.1
21 1.3.2
22 1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.4 — Approval of special systems of
design or construction
25 CHAPTER 2 — DEFINITIONS
2.1
33 2.2
35 PART 2 — STANDARDS FOR TESTS AND MATERIALS
CHAPTER 3 — MATERIALS
3.0 — Notation
3.1 — Tests of materials
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2 — Cements
3.2.1
3.2.2
36 3.3 — Aggregates
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
37 3.4 — Water
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
3.4.3.2
3.5 — Steel reinforcement
3.5.1
3.5.2
39 3.5.3
3.5.3.1
3.5.3.2
3.5.3.3
40 3.5.3.4
3.5.3.5
3.5.3.6
3.5.3.7
3.5.3.8
3.5.4
41 3.5.4.1
3.5.4.2
3.5.5
3.5.5.1
3.5.5.2
3.5.6
3.5.6.1
42 3.5.6.2
3.6 — Admixtures
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
43 3.6.7
3.6.8
3.6.9
3.7 — Storage of materials
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.8 — Reference standards
44 3.8.1
48 3.8.2
3.8.3
3.8.4
3.8.5
3.8.6
3.8.7
3.8.8
3.8.8.1 — American Water Works Association
3.8.8.2 — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Specifications
3.8.8.3 — Federal Specifications
49 3.8.8.4 — American Concrete Institute
3.8.8.5 — American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials
51 PART 3 — CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 4 — DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
4.0 — Notation
52 4.1 — Water-cementitious materials ratio and cementitious material content
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2 — Freezing and thawing exposures
4.2.1
53 4.2.2
4.2.3
54 4.3 — Sulfate exposures
4.3.1
55 4.3.2
4.4 — Corrosion protection of metals
4.4.1
56 4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
57 4.4.5
4.4.6
4.5 — Chemical effects
4.5.1 — Concrete protection against chemicals
4.5.1.1
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.3
4.5.1.4
61 4.5.2
4.5.3 — Testing for chemical effects
4.5.3.1
62 4.5.3.2
4.5.3.3
4.6 — Protection against erosion
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
63 4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.7 — Coatings and liners
4.7.1
64 4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4 — Vapor transmission of liners and coatings
4.7.5 — Selection of coatings and liners
4.7.5.1
4.7.5.2
65 4.7.5.3
4.8 — Joints
4.8.1 — General
4.8.2 — Waterstops
4.8.3 — Sealants
4.8.4 — Ozone exposure
4.8.5 — Shear keys
67 CHAPTER 5 — CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING
5.0 — Notation
5.1 — General
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2 — Selection of concrete proportions
68 5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3 — Proportioning on the basis of field
experience, trial mixtures, or both
5.3.1 — Standard deviation
71 5.3.1.1
5.3.1.2
72 5.3.2 — Required average strength
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.3.3 — Documentation of average strength
73 5.3.3.1
5.3.3.2
74 5.4 — Average strength reduction
5.5 — Evaluation and acceptance of concrete
5.5.1 — Frequency of testing
5.5.1.1
75 5.5.1.2
5.5.1.3
5.5.1.4
5.5.2 — Laboratory-cured specimens
5.5.2.1
5.5.2.2
5.5.2.3
76 5.5.2.4
5.5.3 — Field-cured specimens
5.5.3.1
77 5.5.3.2
5.5.3.3
5.5.3.4
5.5.4 — Investigation of low-strength test results
5.5.4.1
5.5.4.2
5.5.4.3
5.5.4.4
78 5.5.4.5
5.6 — Preparation of equipment and place
of deposit
5.6.1
5.7 — Mixing
5.7.1
5.7.2
79 5.7.3
5.8 — Conveying
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.9 — Depositing
5.9.1
80 5.9.2
5.9.3
5.9.4
5.9.5
5.9.6
5.9.7
5.9.8
5.10 — Curing
5.10.1
5.10.2
5.10.3 — Accelerated curing
5.10.3.1
5.10.3.2
5.10.3.3
81 5.10.4
5.11 — Cold weather requirements
5.11.1
5.11.2
5.11.3
5.12 — Hot weather requirements
83 CHAPTER 6 — FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT JOINTS
6.1 — Design of formwork
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.7.1
6.1.8
84 6.2 — Removal of forms, shores, and
reshoring
6.2.1 — Removal of forms
6.2.2 — Removal of shores and reshoring
6.2.2.1
6.2.2.2
6.2.2.3
85 6.3 — Conduits and pipes embedded in
concrete
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
86 6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.5.1
6.3.5.2
6.3.5.3
6.3.6
6.3.6.1
6.3.6.2
6.3.6.3
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9
6.3.10
6.3.11
87 6.3.12
6.3.13
6.4 — Construction joints
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.7
88 6.4.8
6.5 — Movement joints
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
89 CHAPTER 7 — DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
7.0 — Notation
7.1 — Standard hooks
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.2 — Minimum bend diameters
7.2.1
7.2.2
90 7.2.3
7.3 — Bending
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.4 — Surface conditions of reinforcement
7.4.1
91 7.4.2
7.4.3
7.5 — Placing reinforcement
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.2.1
92 7.5.2.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.6 — Spacing limits for reinforcement
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
7.6.5
7.6.6 — Bundled bars
7.6.6.1
7.6.6.2
93 7.6.6.3
7.6.6.4
7.6.6.5
7.6.7 — Tendons and ducts
7.6.7.1
7.6.7.2
7.7 — Concrete protection for reinforcement
7.7.1 — Cast-in-place concrete (nonprestressed)
94 7.7.2 — Precast concrete (manufactured under
plant control conditions)
95 7.7.3 — Cast-in-place concrete (prestressed)
7.7.3.1
7.7.3.2
7.7.3.3
96 7.7.4 — Bundled bars
7.7.5 — Future extensions
7.7.6 — Fire protection
7.8 — Special reinforcement details for
columns
7.8.1 — Offset bars
7.8.1.1
7.8.1.2
7.8.1.3
7.8.1.4
7.8.1.5
7.8.2 — Steel cores
7.8.2.1
97 7.8.2.2
7.8.2.3
7.8.2.4
7.9 — Connections
7.9.1
7.9.2
7.10 — Lateral reinforcement for
compression members
7.10.1
7.10.2
7.10.3
7.10.4 — Spirals
7.10.4.1
98 7.10.4.2
7.10.4.3
7.10.4.4
7.10.4.5
7.10.4.6
7.10.4.7
7.10.4.8
7.10.4.9
7.10.5 — Ties
7.10.5.1
99 7.10.5.2
7.10.5.3
7.10.5.4
7.10.5.5
7.10.5.6
100 7.11 — Lateral reinforcement for flexural
members
7.11.1
7.11.2
7.11.3
7.12 — Shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement
7.12.1
7.12.1.1
7.12.1.2
7.12.2
7.12.2.1
101 7.12.2.2
7.12.2.3
7.12.3
7.12.3.1
7.12.3.2
7.12.3.3
7.13 — Requirements for structural integrity
102 7.13.1
7.13.2
7.13.2.1
7.13.2.2
7.13.2.3
7.13.2.4
103 7.13.2.5
7.13.3
7.13.4
105 PART 4 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 8 — ANALYSIS AND DESIGN — GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
8.0 — Notation
8.1 — Design methods
8.1.1
106 8.1.2
8.1.3
8.2 — Loading
8.2.1
8.2.2
107 8.2.3
8.2.4
8.3 — Methods of analysis
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
108 8.4 — Redistribution of negative moments
in continuous flexural members
8.4.1
109 8.4.2
8.4.3
110 8.5 — Modulus of elasticity
8.5.1
8.5.2
8.5.3
8.6 — Stiffness
8.6.1
8.6.2
8.7 — Span length
8.7.1
111 8.7.2
8.7.3
8.7.4
8.8 — Columns
8.8.1
8.8.2
8.8.3
8.8.4
8.9 — Arrangement of live load
8.9.1
8.9.2
112 8.10 — T-beam construction
8.10.1
8.10.2
8.10.3
8.10.4
8.10.5
8.10.5.1
8.10.5.2
8.11 — Joist construction
8.11.1
8.11.2
113 8.11.3
8.11.4
8.11.5
8.11.5.1
8.11.5.2
8.11.5.3
8.11.6
8.11.6.1
8.11.6.2
8.11.7
8.11.8
8.12 — Separate floor finish
8.12.1
114 8.12.2
115 CHAPTER 9 — STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
9.0 — Notation
117 9.1 — General
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.2 — Required strength
118 9.2.1
119 9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.2.5
120 9.2.6
9.2.6.1
9.2.6.2
9.2.6.3
9.2.6.4
9.2.6.5
121 9.2.7
9.3 — Design strength
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.2.1
9.3.2.2
122 9.3.2.3
9.3.2.4
9.3.2.5
123 9.3.2.6
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.4 — Design strength for reinforcement
9.5 — Control of deflections
9.5.1
124 9.5.2 — One-way construction (nonprestressed)
9.5.2.1
9.5.2.2
125 9.5.2.3
9.5.2.4
9.5.2.5
126 9.5.2.6
127 9.5.3 — Two-way construction (nonprestressed)
9.5.3.1
9.5.3.2
9.5.3.3
128 9.5.3.4
9.5.4 — Prestressed concrete construction
9.5.4.1
9.5.4.2
129 9.5.4.3
9.5.4.4
9.5.5 — Composite construction
130 9.5.5.1 — Shored construction
9.5.5.2 — Unshored construction
9.5.5.3
131 CHAPTER 10 — FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS
10.0 — Notation
134 10.1 — Scope
10.2 — Design assumptions
10.2.1
10.2.2
135 10.2.3
10.2.4
10.2.5
10.2.6
136 10.2.7
10.2.7.1
10.2.7.2
10.2.7.3
10.3 — General principles and requirements
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
138 10.3.4
10.3.5
10.3.6
10.3.7
10.3.7.1
10.3.7.2
10.3.7.3
10.3.8
139 10.4 — Distance between lateral supports
of flexural members
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.5 — Minimum reinforcement of flexural
members
10.5.1
140 10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.6 — Distribution of flexural reinforcement
10.6.1
141 10.6.2
10.6.3
10.6.4
10.6.4.1
142 10.6.4.2
10.6.4.3
10.6.4.4
10.6.4.5
10.6.4.6
143 10.6.5
10.6.6
144 10.6.7
10.7 — Deep beams
10.7.1
10.7.2
10.7.3
10.7.4
145 10.8 — Design dimensions for compression
members
10.8.1 — Isolated compression member with
multiple spirals
10.8.2 — Compression member built monolithically
with wall
10.8.3 — Equivalent circular compression member
10.8.4 — Limits of section
10.9 — Limits for reinforcement of
compression members
10.9.1
146 10.9.2
147 10.9.3
10.10 — Slenderness effects in compression
members
10.10.1
10.10.2
148 10.11 — Magnified moments—General
10.11.1
149 10.11.2
10.11.3
10.11.3.1
10.11.3.2
10.11.4
10.11.4.1
10.11.4.2
150 10.11.5
10.11.6
151 10.12 — Magnified moments—Nonsway
frames
10.12.1
152 10.12.2
10.12.3
153 10.12.3.1
10.12.3.2
10.13 — Magnified moments—Sway frames
154 10.13.1
10.13.2
10.13.3
10.13.4
10.13.4.1
155 10.13.4.2
10.13.4.3
156 10.13.5
10.13.6
157 10.13.7
10.14 — Axially loaded members
supporting slab system
10.15 — Transmission of column loads
through floor system
10.15.1
158 10.15.2
10.15.3
10.16 — Composite compression members
10.16.1
10.16.2
10.16.3
10.16.4
10.16.5
159 10.16.6 — Structural steel encased concrete core
10.16.6.1
10.16.6.2
10.16.7 — Spiral reinforcement around structural
steel core
10.16.7.1
10.16.7.2
10.16.7.3
10.16.7.4
10.16.7.5
10.16.8 — Tie reinforcement around structural steel
core
10.16.8.1
10.16.8.2
10.16.8.3
10.16.8.4
10.16.8.5
160 10.16.8.6
10.16.8.7
10.16.8.8
10.17 — Bearing strength
10.17.1
161 10.17.2
163 CHAPTER 11 — SHEAR AND TORSION
11.0 — Notation
166 11.1 — Shear strength
11.1.1
167 11.1.1.1
11.1.1.2
11.1.2
11.1.2.1
11.1.3
168 11.1.3.1
169 11.1.3.2
11.1.4
170 11.2 — Lightweight concrete
11.2.1
11.2.1.1
11.2.1.2
11.3 — Shear strength provided by concrete
for nonprestressed members
11.3.1
11.3.1.1
11.3.1.2
11.3.1.3
11.3.2
11.3.2.1
171 11.3.2.2
11.3.2.3
172 11.3.3
11.4 — Shear strength provided by
concrete for prestressed members
11.4.1
173 11.4.2
11.4.2.1
11.4.2.2
11.4.2.3
174 11.4.3
11.4.4
175 11.5 — Shear strength provided by shear
reinforcement
11.5.1 — Types of shear reinforcement
11.5.1.1
11.5.1.2
11.5.2
11.5.3
11.5.4 — Spacing limits for shear reinforcement
11.5.4.1
176 11.5.4.2
11.5.4.3
11.5.4.4
11.5.5 — Minimum shear reinforcement
11.5.5.1
177 11.5.5.2
11.5.5.3
11.5.5.4
11.5.6 — Design of shear reinforcement
11.5.6.1
11.5.6.2
178 11.5.6.3
11.5.6.4
11.5.6.5
11.5.6.6
11.5.6.7
11.5.6.8
11.5.6.9
11.6 — Design for torsion
180 11.6.1 — Threshold torsion
11.6.1.1
181 11.6.2 — Calculation of factored torsional moment Tu
11.6.2.1
11.6.2.2
182 11.6.2.3
11.6.2.4
11.6.2.5
11.6.3 — Torsional moment strength
11.6.3.1
183 11.6.3.2
11.6.3.3
184 11.6.3.4
11.6.3.5
11.6.3.6
185 11.6.3.7
186 11.6.3.8
11.6.3.9
11.6.3.10
187 11.6.3.11
11.6.4 — Details of torsional reinforcement
11.6.4.1
11.6.4.2
11.6.4.3
11.6.4.4
188 11.6.5 — Minimum torsion reinforcement
11.6.5.1
11.6.5.2
11.6.5.3
189 11.6.6 — Spacing of torsion reinforcement
11.6.6.1
11.6.6.2
11.6.6.3
11.7 — Shear-friction
11.7.1
11.7.2
11.7.3
11.7.3.1
190 11.7.4 — Shear-friction design method
11.7.4.1
11.7.4.2
191 11.7.4.3
11.7.5
11.7.6
192 11.7.7
11.7.8
11.7.9
11.7.10
193 11.8 — Deep beams
11.8.1
11.8.2
11.8.3
11.8.4
11.8.5
11.8.6
11.8.7
194 11.8.8
11.8.9
11.8.10
11.8.11
11.9 — Special provisions for brackets
and corbels
195 11.9.1
11.9.2
196 11.9.3
11.9.3.1
11.9.3.2
11.9.3.2.1
11.9.3.2.2
11.9.3.3
11.9.3.4
11.9.3.5
11.9.4
197 11.9.5
11.9.6
11.9.7
11.10 — Special provisions for walls
11.10.1
11.10.2
198 11.10.3
11.10.4
11.10.5
11.10.6
11.10.7
11.10.8
11.10.9 — Design of shear reinforcement for walls
11.10.9.1
199 11.10.9.2
11.10.9.3
11.10.9.4
11.10.9.5
11.11 — Transfer of moments to columns
11.11.1
11.11.2
11.12 — Special provisions for slabs and
footings
11.12.1
11.12.1.1
200 11.12.1.2
11.12.1.3
11.12.2
11.12.2.1
201 11.12.2.2
202 11.12.3
11.12.3.1
11.12.3.2
11.12.3.3
11.12.3.4
11.12.4
11.12.4.1
11.12.4.2
11.12.4.3
203 11.12.4.4
204 11.12.4.5
11.12.4.6
205 11.12.4.7
11.12.4.8
206 11.12.4.9
11.12.4.10
11.12.5 — Openings in slabs
11.12.5.1
11.12.5.2
207 11.12.6 — Transfer of moment in slab-column
connections
11.12.6.1
11.12.6.2
208 11.12.6.3
209 CHAPTER 12 — DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT
12.0 — Notation
210 12.1 — Development of reinforcement—
General
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.2 — Development of deformed bars and
deformed wire in tension
12.2.1
211 12.2.2
12.2.3
212 12.2.4
213 12.2.5 — Excess reinforcement
12.3 — Development of deformed bars and
deformed wire in compression
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.4 — Development of bundled bars
12.4.1
214 12.4.2
12.5 — Development of standard hooks in
tension
12.5.1
12.5.2
12.5.3
216 12.5.4
12.5.5
12.6 — Mechanical anchorage
12.6.1
12.6.2
12.6.3
12.7 — Development of welded deformed
wire fabric in tension
12.7.1
217 12.7.2
12.7.3
12.7.4
12.8 — Development of welded plain wire
fabric in tension
218 12.9 — Development of prestressing strand
12.9.1
12.9.1.1
219 12.9.2
12.9.3
220 12.10 — Development of flexural
reinforcement—General
12.10.1
12.10.2
12.10.3
221 12.10.4
12.10.5
12.10.5.1
12.10.5.2
12.10.5.3
12.10.6
222 12.11 — Development of positive moment
reinforcement
12.11.1
12.11.2
12.11.3
223 12.11.4
224 12.12 — Development of negative moment
reinforcement
12.12.1
12.12.2
12.12.3
12.12.4
225 12.13 — Development of web reinforcement
12.13.1
12.13.2
12.13.2.1
12.13.2.2
12.13.2.3
226 12.13.2.4
227 12.13.2.5
12.13.3
12.13.4
12.13.5
12.14 — Splices of reinforcement—General
12.14.1
12.14.2 — Lap splices
12.14.2.1
12.14.2.2
12.14.2.3
12.14.3 — Mechanical and welded splices
12.14.3.1
12.14.3.2
228 12.14.3.3
12.14.3.4
12.14.3.5
12.15 — Splices of deformed bars and
deformed wire in tension
12.15.1
229 12.15.2
12.15.3
230 12.15.4
12.15.4.1
12.15.4.2
12.15.4.3
12.15.5
12.16 — Splices of deformed bars in
compression
12.16.1
231 12.16.2
12.16.3
12.16.4 — End-bearing splices
12.16.4.1
12.16.4.2
12.16.4.3
12.17 — Special splice requirements for
columns
12.17.1
232 12.17.2 — Lap splices in columns
12.17.2.1
12.17.2.2
12.17.2.3
12.17.2.4
233 12.17.2.5
12.17.3 — Mechanical or welded splices in columns
12.17.4 — End-bearing splices in columns
12.18 — Splices of welded deformed wire
fabric in tension
12.18.1
12.18.2
12.18.3
234 12.19 — Splices of welded plain wire
fabric in tension
12.19.1
12.19.2
236 PART 5 — STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
CHAPTER 13 — TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS
13.0 — Notation
237 13.1 — Scope
13.1.1
13.1.2
238 13.1.3
13.1.4
13.2 — Definitions
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.3 — Slab reinforcement
13.3.1
239 13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.6.1
13.3.6.2
13.3.6.3
13.3.6.4
13.3.7
13.3.7.1
240 13.3.7.2
13.3.7.3
13.3.8 — Details of reinforcement in slabs without
beams
13.3.8.1
13.3.8.2
13.3.8.3
13.3.8.4
13.3.8.5
13.3.8.6
242 13.4 — Openings in slab systems
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.2.1
13.4.2.2
13.4.2.3
13.4.2.4
13.5 — Design procedures
13.5.1
243 13.5.1.1
13.5.1.2
13.5.1.3
244 13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.3.1
13.5.3.2
13.5.3.3
245 13.5.3.4
13.5.4
13.6 — Direct design method
13.6.1 — Limitations
246 13.6.1.1
13.6.1.2
13.6.1.3
13.6.1.4
13.6.1.5
13.6.1.6
247 13.6.1.7
13.6.1.8
13.6.2 — Total factored static moment for a span
13.6.2.1
13.6.2.2
13.6.2.3
13.6.2.4
13.6.2.5
248 13.6.3 — Negative and positive factored moments
13.6.3.1
13.6.3.2
13.6.3.3
13.6.3.4
13.6.3.5
249 13.6.3.6
13.6.4 — Factored moments in column strips
13.6.4.1
13.6.4.2
13.6.4.3
13.6.4.4
13.6.4.5
250 13.6.5 — Factored moments in beams
13.6.5.1
13.6.5.2
13.6.5.3
13.6.6 — Factored moments in middle strips
13.6.6.1
13.6.6.2
13.6.6.3
13.6.7 — Modification of factored moments
13.6.8 — Factored shear in slab systems with beams
13.6.8.1
13.6.8.2
13.6.8.3
251 13.6.8.4
13.6.8.5
13.6.9 — Factored moments in columns and walls
13.6.9.1
13.6.9.2
13.7 — Equivalent frame method
13.7.1
13.7.1.1
252 13.7.1.2
13.7.2 — Equivalent frame
13.7.2.1
13.7.2.2
13.7.2.3
13.7.2.4
13.7.2.5
13.7.2.6
253 13.7.3 — Slab-beams
13.7.3.1
13.7.3.2
13.7.3.3
13.7.4 — Columns
13.7.4.1
13.7.4.2
13.7.4.3
254 13.7.5 — Torsional members
13.7.5.1
13.7.5.2
13.7.6 — Arrangement of live load
13.7.6.1
13.7.6.2
13.7.6.3
255 13.7.6.4
13.7.7 — Factored moments
13.7.7.1
13.7.7.2
13.7.7.3
13.7.7.4
13.7.7.5
256 CHAPTER 14 — WALLS
14.0 — Notation
257 14.1 — Scope
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.2 — General
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.3 — Minimum reinforcement
258 14.3.1
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.3.7
14.4 — Walls designed as compression
members
259 14.5 — Empirical design method
14.5.1
14.5.2
14.5.3 — Minimum thickness of walls designed by
empirical design method
14.5.3.1
260 14.6 — Minimum wall thickness
14.6.1
14.6.2
14.7 — Walls as grade beams
14.7.1
14.7.2
14.8 — Alternative design of slender walls
14.8.1
14.8.2
14.8.2.1
14.8.2.2
14.8.2.3
14.8.2.4
14.8.2.5
261 14.8.2.6
14.8.3
14.8.4
262 CHAPTER 15 — FOOTINGS
15.0 — Notation
15.1 — Scope
15.1.1
15.1.2
15.2 — Loads and reactions
15.2.1
15.2.2
15.2.3
263 15.3 — Footings supporting circular or
regular polygon shaped columns
or pedestals
15.4 — Moment in footings
15.4.1
15.4.2
264 15.4.3
15.4.4
15.4.4.1
15.4.4.2
15.5 — Shear in footings
15.5.1
15.5.2
265 15.5.3
15.5.4
15.5.4.1
15.5.4.2
15.5.4.3
15.6 — Development of reinforcement in
footings
15.6.1
15.6.2
15.6.3
15.7 — Minimum footing depth
15.8 — Transfer of force at base of column,
wall, or reinforced pedestal
266 15.8.1
15.8.1.1
15.8.1.2
15.8.1.3
267 15.8.1.4
15.8.2
15.8.2.1
15.8.2.2
15.8.2.3
15.8.2.4
15.8.3
15.8.3.1
15.8.3.2
268 15.8.3.3
15.9 — Sloped or stepped footings
15.9.1
15.9.2
15.10 — Combined footings and mats
15.10.1
15.10.2
15.10.3
270 CHAPTER 16 — PRECAST CONCRETE
16.0 — Notation
16.1 — Scope
16.1.1
16.2 — General
16.2.1
16.2.2
16.2.3
271 16.2.4
16.3 — Distribution of forces among
members
16.3.1
16.3.2
16.3.2.1
16.3.2.2
272 16.4 — Member design
16.4.1
16.4.2
16.5 — Structural integrity
16.5.1
16.5.1.1
273 16.5.1.2
16.5.1.3
16.5.1.4
16.5.2
16.5.2.1
274 16.5.2.2
16.5.2.3
16.5.2.4
16.5.2.5
16.6 — Connection and bearing design
16.6.1
16.6.1.1
16.6.1.2
16.6.2
275 16.6.2.1
16.6.2.2
16.6.2.3
16.7 — Items embedded after concrete
placement
16.7.1
16.7.1.1
16.7.1.2
16.7.1.3
276 16.8 — Marking and identification
16.8.1
16.8.2
16.9 — Handling
16.9.1
16.9.2
16.10 — Strength evaluation of precast
construction
16.10.1
16.10.1.1
16.10.1.2
16.10.2
278 CHAPTER 17 — COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS
17.0 — Notation
17.1 — Scope
17.1.1
17.1.2
17.2 — General
17.2.1
17.2.2
17.2.3
279 17.2.4
17.2.5
17.2.6
17.2.7
17.3 — Shoring
17.4 — Vertical shear strength
17.4.1
17.4.2
17.4.3
280 17.5 — Horizontal shear strength
17.5.1
17.5.2
17.5.2.1
17.5.2.2
17.5.2.3
17.5.2.4
281 17.5.2.5
17.5.3
17.5.3.1
17.5.4
17.6 — Ties for horizontal shear
17.6.1
17.6.2
17.6.3
282 CHAPTER 18 — PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
18.0 — Notation
284 18.1 — Scope
18.1.1
18.1.2
18.1.3
286 18.1.4
18.2 — General
18.2.1
18.2.2
18.2.3
18.2.4
18.2.5
287 18.2.6
18.2.7
18.3 — Design assumptions
18.3.1
18.3.2
18.3.2.1
18.3.2.2
288 18.3.3
18.3.4
18.3.5
289 18.3.6
18.3.7
18.4 — Serviceability requirements—
Flexural members
18.4.1
290 18.4.2
291 18.4.3
18.5 — Permissible stresses in prestressing
steel
18.5.1
292 18.6 — Loss of prestress
18.6.1
293 18.6.2 — Friction loss in post-tensioning tendons
18.6.2.1
18.6.2.2
18.6.2.3
18.6.3
294 18.7 — Flexural strength
18.7.1
18.7.2
295 18.7.3
18.8 — Limits for reinforcement of flexural
members
18.8.1
18.8.2
18.8.3
18.9 — Minimum bonded reinforcement
18.9.1
296 18.9.2
18.9.2.1
18.9.2.2
18.9.3
18.9.3.1
18.9.3.2
18.9.3.3
297 18.9.4
18.9.4.1
18.9.4.2
18.9.4.3
18.10 — Statically indeterminate structures
18.10.1
18.10.2
18.10.3
298 18.10.4 — Redistribution of negative moments in
continuous prestressed flexural members
18.10.4.1
18.10.4.2
18.10.4.3
299 18.11 — Compression members—
Combined flexure and axial loads
18.11.1
18.11.2 — Limits for reinforcement of prestressed
compression members
18.11.2.1
18.11.2.2
18.11.2.3
18.12 — Slab systems
18.12.1
300 18.12.2
18.12.3
18.12.4
18.12.5
18.12.6
301 18.13 — Post-tensioned tendon anchorage
zones
18.13.1 — Anchorage zone
302 18.13.2 — Local zone
18.13.2.1
18.13.2.2
18.13.2.3
18.13.3 — General zone
18.13.3.1
18.13.3.2
18.13.3.3
303 18.13.4 — Nominal material strengths
18.13.4.1
18.13.4.2
18.13.4.3
18.13.5 — Design methods
304 18.13.5.1
18.13.5.2
305 18.13.5.3
18.13.5.4
18.13.5.5
18.13.5.6
18.13.5.7
18.13.5.8
18.13.6 — Detailing requirements
18.14 — Design of anchorage zones for
monostrand or single 5/8 in.
diameter bar tendons
18.14.1 — Local zone design
306 18.14.2
18.14.2.1
18.14.2.2
18.14.2.3
18.14.2.4
18.14.3 — General-zone design for groups of monostrand
tendons in beams and girders
307 18.15 — Design of anchorage zones for
multistrand tendons
18.15.1 — Local zone design
18.15.2 — Use of special anchorage devices
18.15.3 — General-zone design
18.16 — Corrosion protection for unbonded
single-strand prestressing tendons
18.16.1
18.16.2
18.16.3
308 18.16.4
18.17 — Post-tensioning ducts
18.17.1
18.17.2
18.17.3
18.17.4
18.18 — Grout for bonded tendons
309 18.18.1
18.18.2
18.18.2.1
18.18.2.2
18.18.2.3
18.18.2.4
18.18.2.5
18.18.3 — Selection of grout proportions
18.18.3.1
18.18.3.2
18.18.3.3
18.18.3.4
18.18.3.5
18.18.4 — Mixing and pumping grout
18.18.4.1
310 18.18.4.2
18.18.4.3
18.19 — Protection for prestressing steel
18.20 — Application and measurement of
prestressing force
18.20.1
18.20.2
18.20.3
18.20.4
311 18.21 — Post-tensioning anchorages and
couplers
18.21.1
18.21.2
18.21.3
18.21.4
18.22 — External post-tensioning
18.22.1
312 18.22.2
18.22.3
18.22.4
314 CHAPTER 19 — SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS
19.0 — Notation
19.1 — Scope and definitions
19.1.1
315 19.1.2
19.1.3
19.1.4
19.1.5
19.1.6
19.1.7
316 19.1.8
19.1.9
19.2 — Analysis and design
19.2.1
19.2.2
19.2.3
19.2.4
317 19.2.5
19.2.6
19.2.7
19.2.8
318 19.2.9
19.2.10
19.2.11
19.3 — Design strength of materials
19.3.1
19.3.2
19.4 — Shell reinforcement
19.4.1
319 19.4.2
19.4.3
19.4.4
19.4.5
320 19.4.6
19.4.7
19.4.8
19.4.9
19.4.10
19.4.11
19.4.12
321 19.5 — Construction
19.5.1
19.5.2
322 PART 6 — SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 20 — STRENGTH EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
20.0 — Notation
20.1 — Strength evaluation — General
20.1.1
323 20.1.2
20.1.3
20.1.4
324 20.2 — Determination of required
dimensions and material properties
20.2.1
20.2.2
20.2.3
20.2.4
20.2.5
20.3 — Load test procedure
20.3.1 — Load arrangement
325 20.3.2 — Load intensity
20.3.3
20.4 — Loading criteria
20.4.1
20.4.2
20.4.3
20.4.4
20.4.5
20.4.6
326 20.5 — Acceptance criteria
20.5.1
20.5.2
20.5.3
327 20.5.4
20.5.5
20.6 — Provision for lower load rating
20.7 — Safety
20.7.1
20.7.2
328 CHAPTER 21 — SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
21.0 — Notation
331 21.1 — Definitions
334 21.2 — General requirements
21.2.1 — Scope
337 21.2.1.1
21.2.1.2
21.2.1.3
338 21.2.1.4
21.2.1.5
21.2.1.6
21.2.1.7
339 21.2.1.8
21.2.2 — Analysis and proportioning of structural
members
21.2.2.1
21.2.2.2
21.2.2.3
21.2.2.4
340 21.2.3 — Strength reduction factors
21.2.4 — Concrete in members resisting earthquake-induced forces
21.2.4.1
21.2.4.2
21.2.5 — Reinforcement in members resisting earthquake-
induced forces
341 21.2.6 — Mechanical splices
21.2.6.1
21.2.6.2
21.2.7 — Welded splices
21.2.7.1
21.2.7.2
21.2.8 — Anchoring to concrete
21.2.8.1
342 21.3 — Flexural members of special
moment frames
21.3.1 — Scope
21.3.1.1
21.3.1.2
21.3.1.3
21.3.1.4
21.3.2 — Longitudinal reinforcement
21.3.2.1
21.3.2.2
343 21.3.2.3
21.3.2.4
21.3.3 — Transverse reinforcement
21.3.3.1
21.3.3.2
21.3.3.3
21.3.3.4
21.3.3.5
344 21.3.3.6
21.3.4 — Shear strength requirements
21.3.4.1 — Design forces
21.3.4.2 — Transverse reinforcement
345 21.4 — Special moment frame members
subjected to bending and axial load
21.4.1 — Scope
21.4.1.1
21.4.1.2
346 21.4.2 — Minimum flexural strength of columns
21.4.2.1
21.4.2.2
21.4.2.3
21.4.3 — Longitudinal reinforcement
21.4.3.1
21.4.3.2
347 21.4.4 — Transverse reinforcement
21.4.4.1
21.4.4.2
21.4.4.3
21.4.4.4
348 21.4.4.5
21.4.4.6
21.4.5 — Shear strength requirements
21.4.5.1 — Design forces
349 21.4.5.2
21.5 — Joints of special moment frames
21.5.1 — General requirements
21.5.1.1
21.5.1.2
21.5.1.3
21.5.1.4
21.5.2 — Transverse reinforcement
21.5.2.1
21.5.2.2
350 21.5.2.3
21.5.3 — Shear strength
21.5.3.1
21.5.3.2
351 21.5.4 — Development length of bars in tension
21.5.4.1
21.5.4.2
21.5.4.3
21.5.4.4
352 21.6 — Special moment frames constructed
using precast concrete
21.6.1
21.6.2
353 21.6.3
21.7 — Special reinforced concrete structural
walls and coupling beams
21.7.1 — Scope
21.7.2 — Reinforcement
21.7.2.1
21.7.2.2
21.7.2.3
21.7.2.4
354 21.7.3 — Design forces
21.7.4 — Shear strength
21.7.4.1
21.7.4.2
21.7.4.3
21.7.4.4
21.7.4.5
355 21.7.5 — Design for flexure and axial loads
21.7.5.1
21.7.5.2
21.7.6 — Boundary elements of special reinforced
concrete structural walls
21.7.6.1
356 21.7.6.2
21.7.6.3
21.7.6.4
357 21.7.6.5
21.7.6.6
358 21.7.7 — Coupling beams
21.7.7.1
21.7.7.2
21.7.7.3
21.7.7.4
359 21.7.8 — Construction joints
21.7.9 — Discontinuous walls
21.7.10 — Wall-to-slab joints
21.7.10.1
21.7.10.2
21.7.10.3
21.8 — Special structural walls
constructed using precast
concrete
21.8.1
21.9 — Structural diaphragms and trusses
21.9.1 — Scope
360 21.9.2 — Cast-in-place composite-topping slab
diaphragms
21.9.3 — Cast-in-place topping slab diaphragms
21.9.4 — Minimum thickness of diaphragms
21.9.5 — Reinforcement
21.9.5.1
21.9.5.2
21.9.5.3
361 21.9.5.4
21.9.5.5
21.9.6 — Design forces
21.9.7 — Shear strength
21.9.7.1
21.9.7.2
21.9.7.3
21.9.8 — Boundary elements of structural diaphragms
21.9.8.1
21.9.8.2
362 21.9.8.3
21.9.9 — Construction joints
21.10 — Foundations
21.10.1 — Scope
21.10.1.1
21.10.1.2
21.10.2 — Footings, foundation mats, and pile caps
21.10.2.1
21.10.2.2
21.10.2.3
21.10.2.4
363 21.10.3 — Grade beams and slabs-on-grade
21.10.3.1
21.10.3.2
21.10.3.3
21.10.3.4
21.10.4 — Piles, piers, and caissons
21.10.4.1
21.10.4.2
21.10.4.3
21.10.4.4
364 21.10.4.5
21.10.4.6
21.11 — Frame members not proportioned
to resist forces induced by earthquake
motions
21.11.1
21.11.2
21.11.2.1
21.11.2.2
365 21.11.2.3
21.11.3
21.11.3.1
21.11.3.2
21.11.3.3
21.11.4
21.12 — Requirements for intermediate
moment frames
21.12.1
21.12.2
366 21.12.3
21.12.4 — Beams
21.12.4.1
21.12.4.2
21.12.4.3
21.12.5 — Columns
21.12.5.1
21.12.5.2
367 21.12.5.3
21.12.5.4
21.12.5.5
21.12.6 — Two-way slabs without beams
21.12.6.1
21.12.6.2
21.12.6.3
21.12.6.4
21.12.6.5
21.12.6.6
21.12.6.7
368 21.12.6.8
369 21.13 — Intermediate precast structural
walls
21.13.1
21.13.2
21.13.3
370 PART 7 — STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE
CHAPTER 22 — STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE
372 COMMENTARY REFERENCES
Ref – Chapter 1
Ref – Chapter 2
Ref – Chapter 3
Ref – Chapter 4
374 Ref – Chapter 5
Ref – Chapter 6
375 Ref – Chapter 7
Ref – Chapter 8
376 Ref – Chapter 9
Ref – Chapter 10
378 Ref – Chapter 11
380 Ref – Chapter 12
381 Ref – Chapter 13
Ref – Chapter 14
382 Ref – Chapter 15
Ref – Chapter 16
Ref – Chapter 17
383 Ref – Chapter 18
384 Ref – Chapter 19
Ref – Chapter 21
386 References- Appendix B
References- Appendix C
References- Appendix D
387 References- Appendix G
390 APPENDIX A — NOT USED
392 APPENDIX B — ALTERNATIVE PROVISIONS FOR REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSION MEMBERS
B.0 — Notation
B.1 — Scope
B.8.4 — Redistribution of negative moments in
continuous nonprestressed flexural
members
B.8.4.1
393 B.8.4.2
B.8.4.3
394 B.10.3 — General principles and requirements
B.10.3.3
396 APPENDIX C — ALTERNATIVE LOAD FACTORS, STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS, AND DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT
C.1 — General
C.1.1
C.1.2
C.9.2 — Required strength
C.9.2.1
C.9.2.2
C.9.2.3
397 C.9.2.4
C.9.2.5
C.9.2.6
C.9.2.7
398 C.9.2.8
C.9.2.9
C.9.2.9.1
C.9.2.9.2
C.9.2.9.3
C.9.3 — Design strength
C.9.3.1
399 C.9.3.2
C.9.3.2.1
C.9.3.2.2
400 C.9.3.2.3
C.9.3.2.4
C.9.3.2.5
C.9.3.2.6
C.9.3.3
C.9.3.4
401 C.10.6 — Distribution of flexural reinforcement in
beams and one-way slabs
C.10.6.1
C.10.6.2
C.10.6.3
C.10.6.4
402 C.10.6.5
403 C.10.6.6
404 APPENDIX D — ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
D.0 — Notation
407 D.1 — Definitions
409 D.2 — Scope
D.2.1
D.2.2
D.2.3
D.2.4
D.3 — General requirements
D.3.1
410 D.3.2
D.3.3
D.3.3.1
D.3.3.2
D.3.3.3
411 D.3.3.4
D.3.3.5
D.3.4
D.3.5
D.4 — General requirements for strength of anchors
D.4.1
412 D.4.1.1
D.4.1.2
D.4.1.3
413 D.4.2
D.4.2.1
414 D.4.2.2
D.4.3
415 D.4.4
D.4.5
416 D.5 — Design requirements for tensile loading
D.5.1 — Steel strength of anchor in tension
D.5.1.1
D.5.1.2
417 D.5.2 — Concrete breakout strength of anchor in
tension
D.5.2.1
D.5.2.2
419 D.5.2.3
420 D.5.2.4
421 D.5.2.5
D.5.2.6
D.5.2.7
D.5.3 — Pullout strength of anchor in tension
D.5.3.1
D.5.3.2
422 D.5.3.3
D.5.3.4
D.5.3.5
D.5.3.6
D.5.4 — Concrete side-face blowout strength of a
headed anchor in tension
D.5.4.1
D.5.4.2
423 D.6 — Design requirements for shear loading
D.6.1 — Steel strength of anchor in shear
D.6.1.1
D.6.1.2
D.6.1.3
D.6.2 — Concrete breakout strength of anchor in
shear
D.6.2.1
424 D.6.2.2
426 D.6.2.3
D.6.2.4
D.6.2.5
D.6.2.6
D.6.2.7
427 D.6.3 — Concrete pryout strength of anchor in shear
D.6.3.1
D.7 — Interaction of tensile and shear forces
428 D.7.1
D.7.2
D.7.3
D.8 — Required edge distances, spacings, and thicknesses to preclude splitting failure
D.8.1
D.8.2
D.8.3
429 D.8.4
D.8.5
D.8.6
D.9 — Installation of anchors
D.9.1
430 APPENDIX E — NOTATION
444 APPENDIX F — METAL REINFORCEMENT INFORMATION
446 APPENDIX G — CIRCULAR WIRE AND STRAND WRAPPED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURES
G.0 — Notation
G.1 — Scope
447 G.2 — Design
G.2.1 — Strength and serviceability
G.2.1.1 — Strength
G.2.1.2 — Corrosion protection of prestressed
reinforcement
G.2.1.2.1
G.2.1.2.2
G.2.2 — Wall design
G.2.2.1 — Design methods
448 G.2.2.2 — Wall types
G.2.2.2.1
G.2.2.2.2 — Liquid-tightness and crack control
for liquid-containment structures
449 G.2.2.3 — Wall proportions
G.2.2.4 — Circumferential prestressing
G.2.2.4.1
G.2.2.4.2
G.2.2.5 — Wall edge restraints and other
secondary bending
450 G.2.2.6 — Design of vertical reinforcement
G.2.2.6.1
G.2.2.6.2
G.2.2.7 — Wall penetrations
451 G.2.3 — Roof design
G.2.3.1 — Dome roofs
G.2.3.1.1
G.2.3.1.2
452 G.2.3.1.3 — Reinforcement area
G.2.3.1.4 — Dome ring
453 G.3 — Materials
G.3.1 — Shotcrete
G.3.1.1 — General
G.3.1.2 — Allowable chlorides
G.3.1.3 — Proportioning
G.3.1.3.1
G.3.1.3.2
G.3.1.4 — Compressive strength
G.3.2 — Reinforcement
G.3.2.1 — Nonprestressed reinforcement
G.3.2.1.1
G.3.2.1.2
454 G.3.2.1.3
G.3.2.2 — Circumferential prestressed reinforcement
G.3.2.2.1
G.3.2.2.2
G.3.2.2.3
G.3.3 — Waterstop, bearing pad, and filler materials
G.3.3.1 — Waterstops
G.3.3.2 — Bearing pads
455 G.3.3.2.1
G.3.3.2.2
G.3.3.2.3
G.3.3.3 — Sponge filler
G.3.4 — Sealer for steel diaphragm
G.3.4.1 — Polysulfide sealant
G.3.4.2 — Epoxy sealer
G.3.4.3 — Mechanical seaming
456 G.4 — Construction procedures
G.4.1 — Concrete
G.4.1.1 — Scope
G.4.1.2 — Precast concrete core walls
G.4.1.2.1
G.4.1.2.2
G.4.1.2.3
G.4.1.2.4
G.4.2 — Shotcrete
G.4.2.1 — Construction procedures
G.4.2.2 — Shotcrete core walls
G.4.2.3 — Surface preparation of core wall
G.4.2.4 — Shotcrete covercoat
G.4.2.4.1
457 G.4.2.4.2
G.4.2.4.3
G.4.2.4.4
G.4.2.4.5
G.4.2.4.6
458 G.4.2.5 — Thickness control of shotcrete core
walls and covercoats
G.4.2.5.1
G.4.2.5.2
G.4.2.6 — Cold-weather shotcreting
G.4.3 — Forming
G.4.3.1 — Slipforming
G.4.3.2 — Steel diaphragms
G.4.3.2.1
G.4.3.2.2
G.4.4 — Nonprestressed reinforcement—concrete
and shotcrete cover
G.4.4.1
G.4.4.2
G.4.5 — Prestressed reinforcement—wire or strand
winding
G.4.5.1 — Qualifications
459 G.4.5.2 — Anchoring of wire or strand
G.4.5.3 — Splicing of wire or strand
G.4.5.4 — Concrete or shotcrete strength
G.4.5.5 — Stress measurements and wire or strand
winding records
G.4.5.5.1
G.4.5.5.2
G.4.5.6 — Prestressed reinforcement stress
adjustment
G.4.5.7 — Spacing of prestressed reinforcement
460 G.4.6 — Tolerances
G.4.6.1 — Tank radius
G.4.6.2 — Localized tank radius
G.4.6.3 — Vertical walls
G.4.6.4 — Wall thickness
G.4.6.5 — Precast panels
G.4.6.6 — Concrete domes
G.4.7 — Earthquake cables
G.4.7.1 — Separation sleeves
G.4.7.2 — Protection
G.4.8 — Elastomeric bearing pads
G.4.8.1 — Positioning
461 G.4.8.2 — Free-sliding joints
G.4.9 — Sponge rubber fillers
G.4.9.1 — General
G.4.9.2 — Voids
462 APPENDIX H — SLABS-ON-SOIL
H.1 — Scope
H.2 — Subgrade
H.2.1
H.2.2
H.2.3
H.2.4
463 H.2.5
H.3 — Slab thickness
H.3.1
H.3.2
H.3.3
H.3.4
H.4 — Reinforcement
H.4.1
H.4.2
464 H.4.3
H.4.4
H.5 — Joints
H.5.1
H.5.2
465 H.6 — Hydrostatic uplift
H.6.1
H.7 — Curing
H.7.1
466 APPENDIX I — ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD
I.0 — Notation
467 I.1 — Scope
I.1.1
468 I.1.2
I.1.3
I.1.4
I.2 — General
I.2.1
I.2.2
I.2.3
I.3 — Permissible service load stresses
I.3.1
471 I.3.2
I.3.3
I.4 — Development and splices of reinforcement
I.4.1
I.4.2
I.5 — Flexure
I.5.1
I.5.2
I.5.3
I.5.4
472 I.5.5
I.6 — Compression members with or without flexure
I.6.1
I.6.2
I.6.3
I.7 — Shear and torsion
I.7.1
I.7.2
I.7.3
473 I.7.4 — Shear stress carried by concrete
I.7.4.1
I.7.4.2
I.7.4.3
I.7.4.4
I.7.4.5
I.7.4.6
I.7.4.7
474 I.7.5 — Shear stress carried by shear reinforcement
I.7.5.1 — Types of shear reinforcement
I.7.5.2
I.7.5.3
I.7.5.4 — Spacing limits for shear reinforcement
I.7.5.4.1
I.7.5.4.2
I.7.5.4.3
I.7.5.4.4
I.7.5.5 — Minimum shear reinforcement
I.7.5.5.1
475 I.7.5.5.2
I.7.5.5.3
I.7.5.6 — Design of shear reinforcement
I.7.5.6.1
I.7.5.6.2
I.7.5.6.3
I.7.5.6.4
I.7.5.6.5
I.7.5.6.6
476 I.7.5.6.7
I.7.5.6.8
I.7.6 — Shear-friction
I.7.7 — Special provisions for slabs and footings
I.7.7.1
I.7.7.1.1
I.7.7.1.2
I.7.7.2
I.7.7.3
477 I.7.7.4
I.7.7.5
I.7.8 — Special provisions for other members
I.7.9 — Composite concrete flexural members
478 INDEX
484 SUMMARY OF CHANGES FOR 350-06 CODE
CHAPTER 1 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 2 — DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 3 — MATERIALS
CHAPTER 4 — DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 5 — CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING
485 CHAPTER 6 — FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES,
AND CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT
JOINTS
CHAPTER 7 — DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
CHAPTER 8 — ANALYSIS AND DESIGN—GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 9 — STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 10 — FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS
CHAPTER 11 — SHEAR AND TORSION
486 CHAPTER 12 — DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF
REINFORCEMENT
CHAPTER 13 — TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 14 — WALLS
CHAPTER 15 — FOOTINGS
CHAPTER 16 — PRECAST CONCRETE
CHAPTER 17 — COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL
MEMBERS
CHAPTER 18 — PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
487 CHAPTER 19 — SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS
CHAPTER 20 — STRENGTH EVALUATION OF
EXISTING STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 21 — SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
APPENDIX B — ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE FLEXURAL AND
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
APPENDIX C — ALTERNATIVE LOAD FACTORS,
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS,
AND DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL
REINFORCEMENT
APPENDIX D — ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
488 APPENDIX G — CIRCULAR WIRE AND STRAND
WRAPPED PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE ENVIRONMENTAL
STRUCTURES
APPENDIX H — SLABS-ON-SOIL
APPENDIX I — ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD

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