ASME Y14.43 2011 RA2020

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ASME Y14.43 – 2011(R2020) Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2011

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Description

This Standard presents the design practices for dimensioning and tolerancing of gages and fixtures used for the verification of Maximum Material Condition (MMC) size envelopes and Virtual Condition boundaries generated by Geometric Tolerances controlled at Maximum Material Condition (MMC) and datum features controlled at Maximum Material Boundary (MMB). Most of these practices focus on the design of receiver-type gages, which collect attribute data when used for the verification of workpieces dimensioned and toleranced in accordance with ASME Y14.5-2009. These practices represent examples of product definitions allowed by ASME Y14.5. Since ASME Y14.5 is not a gaging standard, Y14.43 shows the practical embodiment of the theory displayed in Y14.5 by illustrating how the workpieces could be fixtured and gaged for tolerance verification. Intended for design, drafting, mechanical, manufacturing, production, tool/gage, quality, process and project engineers, CAD/CAM/CAE specialists, inspectors and educators across a broad range of global manufacturing. Special emphasis on aerospace, automotive, medical device, precision instrumentation and related industries. ASME Y14.43 is a foundational document for the creation of fixed gages that follow the principles of GD&T. In addition to providing four levels of gaging, it gives explanations for each level. The distribution of tolerance between the workpiece and gage is clear and precise.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
6	FOREWORD
8	COMMITTEE ROSTER
9	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE Y14 COMMITTEE
11	1 GENERAL 1.1 Scope 1.2 Units 1.3 Figures 1.4 Reference to This Standard 2 REFERENCES 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 General 3.2 Gaging 3.2.1 Actual Local Size
12	3.2.2 Actual Mating Envelope 3.2.2.1 Actual Mating Envelope ASME Y14.5Ã2009 3.2.2.2 Actual Mating Envelope ASME Y14.5MÃ1994 3.2.3 Attribute Gage 3.2.4 Attributes Data 3.2.5 Calibration 3.2.6 Certification 3.2.7 Complex Feature ASME Y14.5-2009 3.2.8 Datum Feature Simulator 3.2.8.1 Datum Feature Simulator ASME Y14.5MÃ1994 3.2.8.2 Datum Feature Simulator Physical ASME Y14.5-2009 3.2.9 Feature of Size, Irregular ASME Y14.5-2009 3.2.10 Feature of Size, Regular ASME Y14.5-2009
13	3.2.11 Fixed Limit Gage 3.2.12 Fixture 3.2.13 Functional Fixture 3.2.14 Functional Gage 3.2.15 Gage Element 3.2.16 GO Gage 3.2.17 Least Material Boundary LMB ASME Y14.5Ã2009 3.2.18 Least Material Condition LMC 3.2.19 Maximum Material Boundary MMB ASME Y14.5Ã2009 3.2.20 Maximum Material Condition MMC 3.2.21 NOGO Gage 3.2.22 Regardless of Feature Size RFS 3.2.23 Regardless of Material Boundary RMB ASME Y14.5-2009 3.2.24 Resultant Condition 3.2.24.1 Resultant Condition ASME Y14.5-2009 3.2.24.2 Resultant Condition ASME Y14.5MÃ1994 3.2.25 Separate Gaging Requirement 3.2.26 Simultaneous Gaging Requirement
14	3.2.27 Variables Data 3.2.28 Virtual Condition 3.2.29 Virtual Condition MMC Concept 3.2.30 Workpiece/Part 3.2.31 Zero Force 3.3 Tolerancing 3.3.1 Absolute Tolerance Pessimistic 3.3.2 GagemakersŒ Tolerance 3.3.3 Measurement Uncertainty 3.3.4 Optimistic Tolerance 3.3.5 Practical Absolute Tolerancing 3.3.6 Tolerant Tolerance 3.3.7 Wear Allowance Tolerance 3.3.8 Workpiece/Part Tolerance 4 PRINCIPLES 4.1 General 4.1.1 Gage Design Principles.
15	4.1.2 Goal of Gaging. 4.1.3 Economic Context. 4.2 Function and Use of Gages 4.2.1 GO Plug Gages. 4.2.2 NOGO Gages. 4.2.3 GO Cylindrical Ring Gage. 4.2.4 NOGO Snap Gages. 4.2.5 Functional Gages.
16	4.3 Gaging Tolerance Policies 4.3.1 Absolute Tolerancing Pessimistic Tolerancing. 4.3.2 Optimistic Tolerancing. 4.3.3 Tolerant Tolerancing.
17	4.3.4 Practical Absolute Tolerancing. 4.4 Statistics: Statistical Tolerancing 4.5 Gage Geometric Tolerances Reflect Part Geometric Tolerances 4.5.1 Effects of Tolerance Stack-Up. 4.6 Gage Design Requirements 4.6.1 Gage Design Criteria.
18	4.6.2 Completeness. 4.7 Principles of Gage Size and Full Engagement of Features 4.7.1 Principle of GO and NOGO Gaging. 4.7.2 Departure from Principles 4.8 Distortion of a Workpiece During Gaging 4.8.1 All Measurements Free State. 4.8.2 Restraint.
19	4.8.3 Flexible Parts. 4.9 Size Controls Form Principle Envelope Principle 4.9.1 Cross Section Versus Two Point Versus Envelope. 4.10 Functional Gages Verify Assemblability 4.11 Gaging Temperatures 4.12 Economics
20	4.12.1 Initial Cost Justification. 4.12.2 Speed and Capability: Hard Versus Soft Gage. 5 GAGE DESIGN 5.1 GO/NOGO Gages 5.1.1 Plug Gages 5.1.2 Spherical Ended Rod Gages Not Recommended by This Standard for Features Being Gaged for Violations of the MMC Envelope or the Virtual Condition Boundary MMC Concept. 5.1.3 Full Form Cylindrical Ring Gage Recommended. 5.1.4 Snap Gage. 5.1.5 Setting Master Disc. 5.1.6 Setting Master Ring. 5.1.7 Differentiation. 5.2 Functional Gage Configuration
21	5.2.1 Gaging of Detail Parts to Achieve Assembly or Functional Requirements. 5.2.2 Datum Feature Simulator.
22	5.2.3 Gage Element Configuration
23	5.2.4 Datum Target Configuration 5.2.5 Material Condition and Boundary Modifiers.
24	5.2.6 Controlled Feature Influence on Gage. Figures Fig. 5- 1 Fixed Pin Construction
25	Fig. 5- 2 Push Pin Construction — Type 1
26	Fig. 5- 3 Push Pin Construction — Type 2
27	5.3 Design Constraints 5.3.1 Useful Life. 5.3.2 Availability of Commercial Components. 5.3.3 Size and Weight. 5.3.4 Physical Properties. 5.3.5 Marking.
28	5.3.6 Ergonomic Requirements. 5.3.7 Environment 5.4 Coefficient of Expansion 5.5 Gaging of Flexible Parts 5.6 Repeatability 6 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING 6.1 General 6.2 Tolerance Calculation 6.2.1 GO Gages. 6.2.2 Functional Gages.
29	6.2.3 Gage Tolerance. 6.2.4 Workpiece Tolerance. 6.2.5 Virtual Condition MMC Concept. 6.2.6 Datum Target Tolerances. 6.2.6.1 Datum Target Basic Dimensions. 6.2.6.2 Datum Target Toleranced Dimensions. 6.2.6.3 Dimensional Interpretation.
30	6.3 TOLERANCE DISTRIBUTION 6.3.1 Size and Geometric Tolerances. 6.3.2 Application of Tolerances. 6.3.3 Tolerance Effects. 6.4 Tolerance Tables Fig. 6- 1 Datum Target Symbol
31	Fig. 6- 2 Absolute Tolerancing Method
32	Fig. 6- 3 Gagemakers’ Tolerance Classes Fig. 6- 4 Gagemakers’ Tolerance Chart
33	Tables Table 6- 1 Plug Gage Limit Dimensions — Classes ZM, YM, and XM
35	Table 6- 2 Plug Gage Limit Dimensions — Class XXM
37	Table 6- 3 Ring and Snap Gage Limit Dimensions — Classes ZM, YM, and XXM
39	Table 6- 4 Ring and Snap Gage Limit Dimensions — Class XXXM
40	7 USAGE 7.1 General 7.2 Environmental Conditions 7.2.1 Temperature.
41	7.2.2 Humidity. 7.2.3 Contamination. 7.3 Certification and Calibration 7.3.1 Certification. 7.3.2 Calibration. 7.3.3 Frequency. 7.3.4 Methodology
42	7.4 Referee Gaging 7.4.1 In-Process Gaging. 7.4.2 Final Acceptance Gaging. 7.5 Alignment Principle 7.6 Measurement Force
43	7.7 Handling 8 FIXTURES 8.1 General 8.2 Similarities to Gages 8.2.1 Datums. 8.2.2 Overriding Constraints. 8.2.3 Repeatability. 8.3 Differences From Gages
45	MANDATORY APPENDICES MANDATORY APPENDIX I ILLUSTRATIONS OF GAGING POLICY
46	Fig. I- 1 Workpiece for Gaging Policy Examples
47	Fig. I- 2 Absolute Gaging Policy Example
48	Fig. I- 3( a) Optimistic Gaging Policy Example
49	Fig. I- 3( b) Optimistic Gaging Policy Example
50	Fig. I- 4 Tolerant Gaging Policy Example
51	MANDATORY APPENDIX II MATERIAL CONDITION EXPLANATION
53	Fig. II- 1 Workpiece for Material Condition Modifier Examples
54	Fig. II- 2 MMC Modifier for Gages
55	Fig. II- 3 LMC Modifier for Gages
56	Fig. II- 4 RFS Modifier for Gages
57	NONMANDATORY APPENDICES NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A EXAMPLES OF GAGE CHARACTERISTICS A-1 CHARACTERISTICS A-2 GAGING POLICY A-3 PERCENT OF WORKPIECE TOLERANCE USED BY GAGE
58	A-4 MATERIAL CONDITION MODIFIER USED ON GAGE ELEMENTS A-5 WEAR ALLOWANCE
71	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B GAGING EXAMPLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS B-1 GENERAL B-2 SOFT GAGING
139	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C REGARDLESS OF FEATURE SIZE RFS AND REGARDLESS OF MATERIAL BOUNDARY RMB C-1 RFS AND RMB GAGING