ASTM-E177:2002 Edition

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E177-90a(2002) Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASTM	2002	12

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Description

1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present concepts necessary to the understanding of the terms ‘precision’ and ‘bias’ as used in quantitative test methods. This practice also describes methods of expressing precision and bias and, in a final section, gives examples of how statements on precision and bias may be written for ASTM test methods. The term ‘accuracy’, used in earlier editions of Practice E 177, embraces both precision and bias (see Section 20 and Note 4).

1.2 Informal descriptions of the concepts are introduced in the text as the concepts are developed, and appear in the following sections:

APPENDIX

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Additional information

Range of Materials	26
Indexes of Precision	27
Apparatus	12
Statistical Control	17
Preferred Indexes of Precision for ASTM Test Methods	28
Experimental Realization of a Test Method	10
Sample	14
Examples of Statements of Precision and Bias	31
Variation of Precision and Bias with Material	21
Test Result	9
Significance and Use	4
Precision	18
Observation	7
Repeatability and Laboratory Bias	23
Environment	13
Reproducibility and Bias of the Test Method	25
Elements of a Statement of Precision and Bias	30
Measurement Terminology	6
Variation of Precision and Bias with Sources of Variability	22
	Section
Operator	11
Alphabetical List of Descriptions of Terms from the Text	X1
Test Determination	8
Terminology	3
Accepted Reference Value	16
Bias	19
Time	15
Other Within-a-Single Laboratory Precisions	24
Preferred Statements of Bias for ASTM Test Methods	29
Accuracy	20
Test Method	5

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ASTM-E177:2002 Edition

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