This Technical Report provides guidance on the assurance of reliability data of automation devices. If the source of this data is calculation, guidance is given on how to specify the methods used for this calculation. If the source is through observations, guidance is given on how to describe these observations and their evaluations. If the source is the outcome of laboratory tests, guidance is given on how to specify these tests and the conditions under which they have been carried out.<\/p>\n
This document defines the form to present the data.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 3.1 Basic terms 3.1.3 Input terms 3.1.4 Output terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 3.2 Static calibration characteristics 3.3 Definitions of static performance indicators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 4 Methods for calculating individual static performance indicators 4.1 Establishment of static calibration characteristics 4.1.1 General requirements for static calibration 4.1.2 The calculation of static calibration characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 4.2 Span (xFS) 4.3 Full-span output (YFS) 4.4 Resolution (Rx) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 4.5 Sensitivity (Si) 4.6 Hysteresis (\u03beH) 4.7 Repeatability (\u03beR) 4.7.1 Calculating methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 4.7.2 Determination of coverage factor 4.7.3 Calculation of sample standard deviations 4.8 Linearity (\u03beL) 4.8.1 The general formula for calculating linearity Tables Table 1 \u2013 Form to present reliability data with its data types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 4.8.2 Absolute linearity (\u03beL,ab) 4.8.3 Terminal-based Linearity (\u03beL,te) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 4.8.4 Shifted-terminal-based Linearity (\u03beL,s,te) 4.8.5 Zero-based linearity (\u03beL,ze) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 4.8.6 Front-terminal-based Linearity (\u03beL,f,te) 4.8.7 Independent Linearity (\u03beL,in) Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Terminal-based Linearity Figure 2 \u2013 Zero-based Linearity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 4.8.8 Least-squares Linearity (\u03beL,ls) Figure 3 \u2013 Front-terminal-based Linearity Figure 4 \u2013 Independent Linearity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 4.9 Conformity (\u03beC) 4.9.1 The general formula for calculating conformity 4.9.2 Absolute conformity (\u03beC,ab) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 4.9.3 Terminal-based conformity (\u03beC,te) 4.9.4 Zero-based conformity (\u03beC,ze) 4.9.5 Front-terminal-based conformity (\u03beC,f,te) 4.9.6 Independent conformity (\u03beC,in) Figure 5 \u2013 Terminal-based conformity Figure 6 \u2013 Zero-based conformity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 4.9.7 Least-squares conformity (\u03beC,ls) 4.10 Drift and shift 4.10.1 Zero drift (D0) Figure 7 \u2013 Front-terminal-based conformity Figure 8 \u2013 Independent conformity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 4.10.2 Drift of upper-range-value output (Du) 4.10.3 Thermal zero shift (\u03b3) 4.10.4 Thermal shift of upper-range-value output (\u03b2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 5 Methods for calculating combined static performance indicators 5.1 Combined linearity and hysteresis (Linearity plus hysteresis) \u03beLH 5.1.1 The general form of calculating formula 5.1.2 The calculation of reference line 5.2 Combined linearity, hysteresis and repeatability (\u03beLHR) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 5.2.1 The general form of calculating formula 5.2.2 The alternative forms of the calculating formulas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 5.2.3 The method for calculating the working characteristics Figure 9 \u2013 The method of L(C)HR extreme-point envelope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Methods and examples for calculating linearities A.1 Numerical examples for calculating zero-based linearity A.1.1 The general principle of calculation A.1.2 Solving for the first approximating straight line A.1.3 Solving for the second approximating straight line Table A.1 Table A.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | A.2 Numerical examples for calculating independent linearity A.2.1 The principle of a precise method Table A.3 Table A.4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Figure A.1 \u2013 The transformed convex polygon <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Table A.5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | A.2.2 The principle of the makeshift methods A.3 A comparison of the results of all kinds of linearities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative)Methods and Examples for Calculating Conformities B.1 The general principle for calculating conformities B.1.1 Determining the degree of the fitting curves B.1.2 Choosing the number of the alternating points B.1.3 Determining the locations of the alternating points B.1.4 Finding the finally-successful alternating points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | B.2 Numerical examples for calculating conformities B.2.1 Solving for the terminal-based curve of the second degree and the terminal-based conformity of the second degree Figure B.1 \u2013 The curve roughly drawn from the given data Table B.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Table B.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | B.2.2 Solving for the zero-based curve of the second degree and the zero-based conformity of the second degree Table B.3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | B.2.3 Solving for the front-terminal-based curve of the second degree and the front-terminal-based conformity of the second degree Table B.4 Table B.5 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | B.2.4 Solving for the best curve of the second degree and the independent conformity of the second degree <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | B.2.5 Solving for the least-squares curve of the second degree and the least-squares conformity of the second degree Table B.6 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | B.2.6 A rough principle guiding the choice of the theoretical curve Table B.7 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative)Examples for calculating transducer individual and combined performance indicators C.1 General principles of calculation C.2 Numerical examples C.2.1 Numerical example 1 Table C.1 \u2013 The original data obtained in the calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | Table C.2 \u2013 The intermediate results of calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | Table C.3 \u2013 Finding the extreme points n = 5 c = t 0.95 = 2.776 Table C.4 \u2013 The deviations from the best working line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | C.2.1.4.7 Total uncertainty (linearity plus hysteresis plus repeatability) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | Figure C.1 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to relevant best reference lines of the first degree Figure C.2 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to the working line of the first degree <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | C.2.2 Numerical example 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | C.2.3 Numerical example 3 Figure C.3 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to relevant best reference lines of the second degree Figure C.4 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to the working line of the second degree <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative)Examples for calculating transmitter individual and combined performance indicators D.1 General principles of calculation D.2 Numerical example D.3 Calculation results Table D.1 \u2013 The original data obtained in the calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | Figure D.1 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to the given working straight line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Figure D.2 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to the best reference straight line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative)The Pre-treatment of the Original Data E.1 The discovery of suspect and unreasonable data points E.2 The detection of suspect data points E.2.1 The general principle of statistical detection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Table E.1 Table E.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Table E.3 \u2013 The original data obtained in the calibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | E.3 The Inspection of Unreasonable Data Points E.3.1 The Unreasonable Data Points Figure E.1 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to the best working straight line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | E.3.2 Example 1 for Inspecting the Unreasonable Data Points E.3.3 Example 2 for Inspecting the Unreasonable Data Points Table E.4 \u2013 A list of the computer-conducted inspection results for the unreasonable data points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | Figure E.2 \u2013 Deviation curves which are calculated relative to the best working straight line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative)The fundamentals for calculating transducer uncertainty F.1 Components of measurement uncertainty F.2 Combined uncertainty F.3 The combined uncertainty of a transducer F.4 The total uncertainty of a transducer at the ith calibration point <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | F.5 The total uncertainty of a transducer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Methods for calculating the main static performance indicators of transducers and transmitters<\/b><\/p>\n |