{"id":249932,"date":"2024-10-19T16:28:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T16:28:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-iec-608262017\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T11:41:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T11:41:39","slug":"bs-iec-608262017","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-iec-608262017\/","title":{"rendered":"BS IEC 60826:2017"},"content":{"rendered":"

NEW!<\/span> IEC 60826:2017 is available as \/2 which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 60826:2017: specifies the loading and strength requirements of overhead lines derived from reliability-based design principles. These requirements apply to lines 45 kV and above, but can also be applied to lines with a lower nominal voltage. This document also provides a framework for the preparation of national standards dealing with overhead transmission lines, using reliability concepts and employing probabilistic or semi-probabilistic methods. These national standards will need to establish the local climatic data for the use and application of this standard, in addition to other data that are country- specific. Although the design criteria in this standard apply to new lines, many concepts can be used to address the design and reliability requirements for refurbishment, upgrading and uprating of existing lines. This document does not cover the detailed design of line components such as supports, foundations, conductors or insulators strings. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2003. It constitutes a technical revision. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows: This standard has been further simplified by removing many informative annexes and theoretical details that can now be found in CIGRE Technical Brochure 178 and referred to as needed in the text of the standard. Many revisions have also been made that reflect the users experience in the application of this standard, together with information about amplification of wind speed due to escarpments. The annexes dealing with icing data have also been updated using new work by CIGRE. Key words: Overhead lines, Overhead transmission lines, reliability, energy<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n3.2 Symbols and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n4 General
4.1 Objective
4.2 System design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4.3 System reliability
5 General design criteria
5.1 Methodology
5.1.1 General
Figures
Figure 1 \u2013 Diagram of a transmission line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n5.1.2 Reliability requirements
Figure 2 \u2013 Transmission line design methodology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nTables
Table 1 \u2013 Reliability levels for transmission lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n5.1.3 Security requirements
5.1.4 Safety requirements
5.2 Load-strength requirements
5.2.1 Climatic loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5.2.2 Design requirements for the system
Table 2 \u2013 Default \u03b3T factors for adjustment of climatic loads in relation to return period T versus 50 years <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.2.3 Design formula for each component
Table 3 \u2013 Design requirements for the system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n6 Loadings
6.1 Description
6.2 Climatic loads, wind and associated temperatures
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Field of application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n6.2.3 Terrain roughness
6.2.4 Reference wind speed VR
Table 4 \u2013 Classification of terrain categories <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n6.2.5 Assessment of meteorological measurements
Table 5 \u2013 Factors describing wind action depending on terrain category <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n6.2.6 Determination from gradient wind velocities
6.2.7 Combination of wind speed and temperatures
Figure 3 \u2013 Relationship between meteorological wind velocities at a height of 10 m depending on terrain category and on averaging period <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n6.2.8 Number of supports subjected in wind action, effect of length of line
6.2.9 Unit action of the wind speed on any line component or element <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n6.2.10 Evaluation of wind loads on line components and elements
Table 6 \u2013 Correction factor \u03c4 of dynamic reference wind pressure q0 due to altitude and temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nFigure 4 \u2013 Combined wind factor Gc for conductors for various terrain categories and heights above ground
Figure 5 \u2013 Span factor GL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nFigure 6 \u2013 Combined wind factor Gt applicable to supports and insulator strings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nFigure 7 \u2013 Definition of the angle of incidence of wind <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 Drag coefficient Cxt for lattice supports made of flat sided members
Figure 9 \u2013 Drag coefficient Cxt for lattice supports made of rounded members <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Drag coefficient Cxtc of cylindrical elements having a large diameter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n6.3 Climatic loads, ice without wind
6.3.1 Description
6.3.2 Ice data
Table 7 \u2013 Drag coefficient of polygonal pole sections
Table 8 \u2013 Drag coefficient of structures having a triangular section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.3.3 Evaluation of yearly maximum ice load by means of meteorological data analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n6.3.4 Reference limit ice load
Figure 11 \u2013 Factor Kd related to the conductor diameter
Table 9 \u2013 Statistical parameters of ice loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n6.3.5 Temperature during icing
6.3.6 Loads on support
Figure 12 \u2013 Factor Kh related to the conductor height <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nFigure 13 \u2013 Typical support types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n6.4 Climatic loads, combined wind and ice loadings
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Combined probabilities \u2013 Principle proposed
Table 10 \u2013 Non-uniform ice loading conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n6.4.3 Determination of ice load
6.4.4 Determination of coincident temperature
6.4.5 Determination of wind speed associated with icing conditions
Table 11 \u2013 Return period of combined ice and wind load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n6.4.6 Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors
Table 12 \u2013 Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n6.4.7 Determination of loads on supports
Figure 14 \u2013 Equivalent cylindrical shape of ice deposit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n6.5 Loads for construction and maintenance (safety loads)
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Erection of supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n6.5.3 Construction stringing and sagging
6.5.4 Maintenance loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n6.6 Loads for failure containment (security requirements)
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Security requirements
6.6.3 Security related loads \u2013 Torsional, longitudinal and additional security measures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 15 \u2013 Simulated longitudinal conductor load (case of a single circuit support) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n7 Strength of components and limit states
7.1 General
7.2 General formulas for the strength of components
7.2.1 General
Figure 16 \u2013 Diagram of limit states of line components
Table 13 \u2013 Additional security measures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n7.2.2 Values of strength factor \u03a6N
Table 14 \u2013 Number of supports subjected to maximum load intensity during any single occurrence of a climatic event <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n7.2.3 General basis for strength coordination
Table 15 \u2013 Strength factor \u03a6N related to the number N of components or elements subjected to the critical load intensity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n7.2.4 Strength factor \u03a6S related to the coordination of strength
7.2.5 Methods for calculating strength coordination factors \u03a6S
Table 16 \u2013 Values of \u03a6S2
Table 17 \u2013 Typical strength coordination of line components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n7.3 Data related to the calculation of components
7.3.1 Limit states for line components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nTable 18 \u2013 Damage and failure limits of supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nTable 19 \u2013 Damage and failure limits of foundations
Table 20 \u2013 Damage and failure limits of conductors and ground wires <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n7.3.2 Strength data of line components
Table 21 \u2013 Damage and failure limit of interface components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n7.3.3 Support design strength
Table 22 \u2013 Default values for strength coefficients of variation (COV)
Table 23 \u2013 u factors for log-normal distribution function for e = 10\u00a0% <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n7.3.4 Foundation design strength
7.3.5 Conductor and ground wire design criteria
7.3.6 Insulator string design criteria
Table 24 \u2013 Value of quality factor \u03a6Q for lattice towers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nAnnexes
Annex A (informative) Technical information \u2013 Strength of line components
A.1 Calculation of characteristic strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nTable A.1 \u2013 Values of ue associated to exclusion limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Formulas of curves and figures
B.1 General
B.2 Formula for Gc \u2013 Figure 4
B.3 Formula for GL \u2013 Figure 5
B.4 Formula for Gt \u2013 Figure 6
B.5 Formula for Cxt \u2013 Figure 8 (flat-sided members) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nB.6 Formula for Cxt \u2013 Figure 9 (round-sided members)
B.7 Formulas for Cxtc \u2013 Figure 10 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Atmospheric icing
C.1 General
C.2 Precipitation icing
C.2.1 Freezing rain
C.2.2 Wet snow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nC.3 Dry ice
C.4 In-cloud icing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nC.5 Physical properties of ice
C.6 Meteorological parameters controlling ice accretion
Figure C.1 \u2013 Type of accreted in-cloud icing as a function of wind speed and temperature
Table C.1 \u2013 Physical properties of ice
Table C.2 \u2013 Meteorological parameters controlling ice accretion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nC.7 Terrain influences
C.7.1 In-cloud icing
C.7.2 Precipitation icing
C.8 Guidelines for the implementation of an ice observation program <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nFigure C.2 \u2013 Strategy flow chart for utilizing meteorological data, icing models and field measurements of ice loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nC.9 Ice data
C.9.1 Influence of height and conductor diameter
C.9.2 The effect of icing on structures
C.10 Combined wind and ice loadings
C.10.1 Combined probabilities
Table C.3 \u2013 Approximate values of ice weights on lattice structures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nC.10.2 Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors
Table C.4 \u2013 Combined wind and ice loading conditions
Table C.5 \u2013 Drag coefficients and density of ice-covered conductors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Application of statistical distribution functions to load and strength of overhead lines
Table D.1 \u2013 Parameters C1 and C2 of Gumbel distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nTable D.2 \u2013 Ratios of\u00a0x\u00a0\/ for a Gumbel distribution function, T return period in years of loading event, n number of years with observations, vx coefficient of variation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Effect of span variation on load-strength relationship \u2013 Calculation of span use factor
E.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nE.2 Effect of use factor on load reduction and its calculation
Table E.1 \u2013 Use factor coefficient \u03b3u <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nAnnex F (normative) Conductor tension limits
F.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nF.2 Limits for lines with short spans
F.3 Recommended conductor limit tensions
F.3.1 Initial tension limit
Table F.1 \u2013 Variation of conductor sag with catenary parameter C <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nF.3.2 Maximum final tension limit
F.4 Benefits from reducing conductor tensions
Table F.2 \u2013 Conductor tensioning \u2013 recommended catenary parameter limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative) Methods of calculation for wind speed up effects due to local topography
G.1 Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nG.2 Notes on application
Figure G.1 \u2013 Diagram of typical topographical cross-section
Table G. 1 \u2013 Values of \u03bc and \u03b3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Overhead transmission lines. Design criteria<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":249936,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[545,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-249932","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-20","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/249932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/249936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=249932"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=249932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}