IEC 60336:2020 applies to FOCAL SPOTS in medical diagnostic X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES for medical use, operating at X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGES up to and including 150 kV. This document describes the test methods employing digital detectors for determining: a) FOCAL SPOT dimensions in terms of NOMINAL FOCAL SPOT VALUES, ranging from 0,1 to 3,0; b) LINE SPREAD FUNCTIONS; c) one-dimensional MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; d) FOCAL SPOT PINHOLE RADIOGRAMS, and the means for indicating compliance. In informative annexes, STAR PATTERN imaging and BLOOMING VALUE are described. IEC 60336:2020 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The significant changes of this fifth edition with respect to the previous edition are detailed in Clause E.6. These changes are: a) introduction of digital detectors and discretization errors; b) fewer normative requirements; c) support for both SLIT CAMERA and PINHOLE CAMERA; d) reintroduction of distorted (skewed) FOCAL SPOT; e) keeping of STAR PATTERNS and BLOOMING VALUE as informative.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4 Determinations for the evaluation of the focal spot characteristics 4.1 Statement of the focal spot characteristics 4.2 Longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube assembly 4.3 Reference axis of the X-ray tube assembly 4.4 Direction of evaluation for the focal spot length <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 4.5 Direction of evaluation for the focal spot width 4.6 Directions of evaluation for distorted focal spots 5 Focal spot camera set-up 5.1 Overview 5.2 Diaphragm of the slit camera Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Directions of evaluation over distorted focal spots <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 5.3 Diaphragm of the pinhole camera Figure 2 \u2013 Essential dimensions of the slit diaphragm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5.4 Receptor 5.5 Test arrangement 5.5.1 Position of the slit or pinhole diaphragm normal to the reference axis Figure 3 \u2013 Essential dimensions of the pinhole diaphragm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 5.5.2 Position of the slit or pinhole diaphragm along the reference axis Figure 4 \u2013 Position of the centre of the slit or pinhole diaphragm(marked as x in the figure) with respect to the reference axis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5.5.3 Orientation of the slit or pinhole diaphragm 5.5.4 Position and orientation of the receptor of the digital focal spot detector Figure 5 \u2013 Reference dimensions and planes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.6 Total uncertainty of the camera set-up Figure 6 \u2013 Alignment of the receptor of the digital focal spot detectorwith respect to the slit diaphragm Tables Table 1 \u2013 Recommended enlargement for radiograms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 6 Production of radiograms 6.1 Overview 6.2 Operating conditions 6.2.2 Loading factors Table 2 \u2013 Loading factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 6.2.3 Special loading factors 6.2.4 Special arrangements 6.3 Production of focal spot slit radiograms, focal spot pinhole radiograms and focal spot line spread functions 6.3.1 Digital focal spot detector requirements for focal spot slit radiograms 6.3.2 Digital focal spot detector requirements for focal spot pinhole radiograms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 6.3.3 Determination of the radiograms and of the line spread functions 6.4 Statement of compliance of the focal spot pinhole radiogram 6.5 Statement of compliance of line spread functions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 7 Determination of focal spot dimensions and nominal focal spot values 7.1 Overview 7.2 Measurement and determination of focal spot dimensions 7.3 Specified nominal focal spot values 7.3.1 Nominal values Figure 7 \u2013 Line spread function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Actual dimensions Table 3 \u2013 Maximum permissible values of focal spot dimensions for nominal focal spot values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 7.4 Statement of compliance 7.5 Marking of compliance Figure 8 \u2013 Graphical symbols \u2013 Focal spots <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 8 Determination of the modulation transfer function 8.1 Overview 8.2 Calculation and presentation of the modulation transfer function 8.3 Statement of compliance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 9 Alternative measurement methods for determining nominal focal spot values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Alignment to the reference axis Figure A.1 \u2013 reference axis and directions of evaluation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 Projection of the actual focal spot on the image reception plane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative)Focal spot star radiogram Figure B.1 \u2013 Essential dimensions of the star test pattern <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Figure B.2 \u2013 Alignment of the star pattern camera <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative)Star pattern resolution limit Figure C.1 \u2013 Illustration of the zones of minimum modulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Table C.1 \u2013 Standard magnifications for star pattern resolution limit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative)Blooming value Table D.1 \u2013 Loading factors for the determination of the blooming value <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative)Historical background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Figure E.1 \u2013 LSFs for a typical X-ray tube with small focal spot (< 0,3 mm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | Figure E.2 \u2013 LSFs for a typical X-ray tube with large focal spot (\u2265 0,3 mm) Figure E.3 \u2013 Corresponding MTFs for the LSFs in Figure E.2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Table E.1 \u2013 Methods for evaluation of specific aspects characterising the focal spot <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Figure E.4 \u2013 Percentage error of 15 % width <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Figure E.5 \u2013 Percentage error of line spread function width at 15 % <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | Figure E.6 \u2013 Influence of the direction of evaluation on MTF-qualityand on line spread function width at 15 % <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | Index of defined terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Medical electrical equipment. X-ray tube assemblies for medical diagnosis. Focal spot dimensions and related characteristics<\/b><\/p>\n |