API PUBL 4618-1995

$19.50

Characteristics and Performance of Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) in the Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils and Sludges

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1995	23

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Description

This project was designed to evaluate and improve supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods and instrumentation for the analytical-scale extraction from soils and sludges of petroleum hydrocarbons ranging from benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy crudes. The primary goals of this two-year study were to:

• Determine which types of petroleum industry environmental samples and wastes can be extracted using SFE by:

Quantitative comparisons to standard (Soxhlet) methods;

Qualitative descriptions on SFE performance (primarily restrictor plugging);

• Evaluate when presently-available SFE methods are viable alter- natives to conventional liquid solvent extraction;

• Determine development needs for SFE extraction and collection conditions, and develop extraction conditions for a wide range of petroleum-based hydrocarbons and PAHs. This effort included:

Development of two SFE methods that can yield quantitative extraction and recovery of gasoline-to diesel-range organics from soils, allowing BTEX and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) to be determined using a single extraction method;

Development of quantitative extraction conditions for PAHs and heavier hydrocarbons including heavy crudes and heavy resids;

• Determine hardware development needs based on problems encountered with real-world samples, and identify commercially available instrumentation to meet those needs.

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