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BS EN 16907-3:2018

BS EN 16907-3:2018

$215.11

Earthworks – Construction procedures

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2018 88
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This European Standard provides execution procedures for excavating, transporting and placing soils and rocks for the construction of earth-structures and guidance for the work. Additionally, it includes excavation and placement of rock materials underwater. Dredging of soils and the associated hydraulic placement of fills are covered by EN 16907-6 and EN 16907-7. Execution of earthworks follows the conclusions of the earthworks design and optimization phase (EN 16907-1), which should anticipate soil and rock specificities and their suitability. In case some events could not be foreseen, additional design is performed during the execution of works.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
8 4 General considerations
4.1 Prerequisites to execution of earthworks
4.2 Climatic conditions
4.3 Environmental factors
9 4.4 Use of secondary manufactured materials and recycled materials
10 5 Excavation
5.1 General
5.2 Material type and excavation techniques
12 5.3 Special considerations when excavating in rock
13 5.4 Influence of excavated material end use
5.5 Protection of cuts during construction
5.5.1 Stability during construction
14 5.5.2 Water control/drainage
5.5.3 Erosion
5.5.4 Protection of subgrade
15 5.6 Excavation under water
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Equipment
5.6.3 Tolerance requirement
5.6.4 Underwater blasting
16 5.6.5 Supervision and monitoring
5.6.6 Environmental protection
6 Transportation
6.1 General
17 6.2 Bulk earthworks
6.2.1 General
18 6.2.2 Transportation on subgrade or capping layer
6.2.3 Haul road
19 6.3 Material type and bulk transportation
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Dust
20 6.3.3 Protection of existing structures and buried utilities
6.4 Road lorries
21 6.5 Alternative transport methods
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Transport on water
6.5.3 Transport on train
6.6 Transportation of materials arising from tunnelling
23 7 Filling and compaction
7.1 Groups of material
24 7.2 Compaction specifications
7.3 Preparation of fill area
25 7.4 Spreading
7.4.1 General
27 7.4.2 Compaction of embankment edges
29 7.4.3 Layer thickness
7.5 Compaction
7.5.1 General
30 7.5.2 Compaction equipment types
7.5.3 Selection of compaction equipment
32 7.6 Filling under-water
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Execution
34 7.6.3 Fill material
7.6.4 Embankment slopes
35 7.6.5 Replacement / displacement of soft soil
36 Annex A (informative)Organization and execution of trial sections
A.1 General
A.2 Methodology
39 Annex B (informative)Conditions of use for main groups of material
B.1 Preamble
B.2 Fine and intermediate materials
B.2.1 Classification considerations
B.2.2 Definition of states of fine and intermediate soil
41 B.2.3 General construction considerations
42 B.2.4 Fine and intermediate materials ā€“ dry and normal states
B.2.4.1 General
B.2.4.2 Acceptance limits by density
44 B.2.4.3 Acceptance limits by elastic behaviour
B.2.4.4 Construction considerations
45 B.2.5 Fine graded materials ā€“ Wet state
B.2.5.1 General
47 B.2.5.2 Construction with consolidation time
49 B.2.5.3 Construction with wet soil (Zone D1) without consolidation time
50 B.3 Granular materials
B.3.1 General considerations
B.3.2 Very coarse graded material
51 B.3.3 Coarse graded material
52 B.3.4 Design considerations
B.3.4.1 Embankments
53 B.3.4.2 Capping Layer
54 B.3.5 Construction considerations
B.3.5.1 Excavation and transport
B.3.5.2 Additional operations
B.3.5.3 Placing and compaction
B.3.6 QA/QC considerations
55 B.4 Low strength rocks, intermediate and evolutive rocks
B.4.1 Behaviour considerations
B.4.2 Design considerations
56 B.4.3 Excavation and transport
B.4.4 Additional operations
B.4.5 Construction of embankments
57 B.4.6 QA/QC considerations
B.5 High strength rocks
B.5.1 Design considerations
58 B.5.2 Excavation and transport
B.5.3 Construction of embankments
B.5.4 Additional considerations
B.6 Chalk
B.6.1 General
59 B.6.2 Behaviour considerations
B.6.3 Design considerations
B.6.3.1 Embankment
60 B.6.3.2 Compaction specification
B.6.3.3 Capping layer
B.6.4 Excavation and transportation
B.6.4.1 General
61 B.6.4.2 Excavation
62 B.6.4.3 Transportation
B.6.5 Placing and compaction
63 B.6.6 QA/QC considerations
B.6.7 Additional guidelines for chalk earthwork
65 B.7 Use of arid soils
B.7.1 Advantages of, and basis for dry compaction
B.7.2 Definition of arid soils – application scope of the method
B.7.2.1 Nature of concerned soils
B.7.2.2 Definition of hydric state ā€œaridā€
66 B.7.2.3 Arid state classes of soils – Acceptable embankment height
B.7.3 Particularities of dry compaction
67 B.8 Tropical residual soils
B.8.1 General
68 B.8.2 Issues relating to earthwork activities
B.8.3 Tropical residual soils on eruptive rocks
69 B.8.4 Tropical residual soils on ophilitic rocks
B.9 Soluble salts
B.9.1 Definition
70 B.9.2 Soluble salts: testing for identification
71 B.9.3 Problems that may occur in earthworks
B.9.4 Practical rules for employing soluble materials
72 B.10 Active clays
B.10.1 Definition
73 B.10.2 Testing for identification
B.10.3 Identification of the swelling risk
B.10.3.1 General
B.10.3.2 General approach
75 B.10.3.3 Specific studies for the project and the construction works
76 B.10.4 Problems that may occur in earthworks
B.10.5 Practical rules for employing active clays
78 B.11 Embankments on permafrost
81 Annex C (informative)Excavation machine types
C.1 360Ā° Backacter
C.2 360Ā° Face shovel
82 C.3 Tracked/wheeled front loader
C.4 Scraper
83 Annex D (informative)Transportation equipment types
84 Annex E (informative)Examples of national practices
E.1 Limits of trafficability for France and UK
E.2 Spanish practice for fine graded soils in a normal and dry state
85 E.3 French approach on low strength rocks
E.4 Swedish practice for wet fine soils (with consolidation time)

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BS EN 16907-3:2018
$215.11