ESDU 79010:2013

ESDU 79010 explains the application of ESDU 78043 to the
calculation of the load/deflection behaviour of stacks of initially
coned disc springs (Belleville washers). Four types of stack, to
give linear or progressive load/deflection curves as required, are
considered: regular stacks of identical springs, irregular stacks
of identical springs, stacks of non-identical springs, and nested
stacks. The effects of friction, both between springs and between
the springs and the guides, are discussed. It is recommended that
ESDU 78043 is also used to calculate the stresses in the critical
springs in the stack. A comprehensive practical worked example
shows how the methods can be applied in design. ESDU 80004 provides
data on the fatigue characteristics of disc springs.