IEEE C57.136-2023

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IEEE Guide for Audible Sound of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers (Published)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2023	40

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Description

New IEEE Standard – Active. Information on sources of no-load and load sound in liquid-immersed power transformers is provided in this guide. Industry standards that deal with transformer sound and factors affecting sound levels of transformers in field operation are also discussed. Guidelines are provided for the selection of suitable methods of reduction of transformer sound at the design stage, during manufacturing, and on site. Procedures that are typically used for determining required sound levels of power transformers on site are described. The intent is to provide users and manufacturers with sufficient background that can help produce power transformers that meet limits on sound level required by local sound ordinances.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std C57.136™-2023 Front cover
2	Title page
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
8	Participants
10	Introduction
11	Contents
12	1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Word usage
13	2. Normative references 3. Basics and standards of transformer noise 3.1 General 3.2 Sources and characteristics of transformer noise
21	3.3 Transformer industry standards related to noise
24	4. Factors affecting sound levels in field operation 4.1 Overview 4.2 Operating voltage and tap-changer settings 4.3 Noise of auxiliary transformers and reactors 4.4 Load noise
25	4.5 Load power factor 4.6 Voltage and load current harmonics 4.7 DC and Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC)
26	4.8 Contribution from vibrations of structures attached to the transformer 4.9 Contribution of sound build-up from surrounding sound/fire walls 4.10 Impact of transformer mounting 4.11 Other sources of noise on site
27	4.12 Operating temperature 5. Transformer noise reduction in the design stage and factory 5.1 General 5.2 Methods to reduce core noise 5.3 Methods to reduce/eliminate cooling equipment noise
28	5.4 Methods to reduce load noise 5.5 Methods to reduce both core and load noise
31	5.6 Older methods of transformer noise reduction 6. Methods to reduce transformer noise on site 6.1 Sound walls and sound barriers 6.2 Other previously used field installed techniques
32	7. Determination of required sound levels of power transformers on-site 7.1 Overview 7.2 Simplified relationship between sound level of a transformer and sound level at specific receiver locations in the far field
35	7.3 Determination of appropriate sound level of a transformer on site
37	Annex A (informative) Bibliography
40	Back cover