IEEE C57.169-2023

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IEEE Guide for Determination of Maximum Winding Temperature Rise in Liquid-Immersed Transformers (Published)

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IEEE	2023

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. Provides guidance for determining the hottest-spot temperature in distribution and power transformers built in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00-2000. Describes the important criteria to be evaluated by a thermal model that can accurately predict the hottest-spot temperatures in a transformer. Provides guidance for performing temperature-rise tests with direct measurement of the hottest-spot temperatures and explains the importance of developing an accurate thermal model to properly locate the temperature sensors.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std C57.169™-2023 Front Cover
2	Title page
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
8	Participants
10	Introduction
11	Acknowledgements
12	Contents
14	1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Word usage
15	2. Normative references 3. Definitions
16	4. Test methods 4.1 Direct measurement by fiber optic detectors
22	4.2 Direct measurement by thermocouples
23	4.3 Prototype thermal test data 4.4 Test or model windings 5. Mathematical models to predict temperature distributions and hottest-spot rises 5.1 Fundamentals
24	5.2 Radiator or heat exchanger heat transfer 5.3 Fluid flow within the winding 5.4 Fluid flow between heat exchangers and winding 5.5 Loss distribution 5.6 Conduction heat transfer
25	5.7 Considerations for core-form power transformers
27	5.8 Considerations for distribution and small power transformers
28	6. Determination of the hottest-spot temperature rise from production temperature rise tests without direct measurement of the hottest-spot temperature
30	7. Documentation and acceptance criteria
31	Annex A (informative) Bibliography on experimental testing to predict or confirm transformer thermal performance A.1 Testing by methods other than fiber optics
32	A.2 Thermal test method using fiber optic temperature detectors
33	Annex B (informative) Bibliography on modeling of transformer thermal performance B.1 Finite difference methods B.2 Conduction analysis
34	B.3 Liquid-immersed transformers
35	B.4 Ventilated dry type transformer B.5 Cast resin transformers B.6 Gas insulated transformers
36	B.7 Heating of transformer cores
37	Annex C (informative) Determination of hottest-spot temperature rise from tests without direct measurement C.1 Introduction C.2 Multiflow method
38	C.3 IEC method C.4 Summary C.5 Bibliography for Annex C
40	Annex D (informative) Typical installation examples for fiber-optic probes D.1 Typical installation of fiber optic probes in power transformers D.2 Probe installation
41	D.3 Bending radius recommendations D.4 Best practices related to probe installation
42	D.5 Probe connector cleaning D.6 Radial spacer preparation – with disc
45	D.7 Winding with radial spacers – without disc
46	D.8 Layer windings made of flat or CTC conductors
48	D.9 Foil windings
49	D.10 Windings without radial spacers but with axial spacers in large transformers D.11 Shell-type windings
52	D.12 Bibliography for Annex D
53	Back Cover

Additional information

Standard Title	IEEE Guide for Determination of Maximum Winding Temperature Rise in Liquid-Immersed Transformers (Published)
Published Code	IEEE
Publication Date	2023

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IEEE C57.169-2023

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