{"id":417103,"date":"2024-10-20T06:14:21","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-623442013-2\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T11:36:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T11:36:12","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-ts-623442013-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-623442013-2\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC\/TS 62344:2013"},"content":{"rendered":"

This Technical Specification applies to the design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links. It is intended to provide necessary guidelines, limits, and precautions to be followed during the design of earth electrodes to ensure safety of personnel and earth electrodes and prevent any significant impact they may exert on d.c. power transmission systems and the surrounding environment.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n3.22 current-releasing density <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4 System conditions
4.1 General principles
4.2 System parameters related to earth electrode design
4.2.1 Amplitude and duration of the current
4.2.2 Polarity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n4.2.3 Designed lifespan
4.2.4 Common earth electrodes
5 Design of land electrode stations
5.1 Main technical parameters
5.1.1 General principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n5.1.2 Temperature rise
5.1.3 Earthing resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n5.1.4 Step voltage
5.1.5 Touch voltage
5.1.6 Current density <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n5.1.7 Field intensity in fish ponds
5.2 Electrode site selection and parameter measurement
5.2.1 General principles
5.2.2 Data collection survey
5.2.3 Distance from converter station (substation) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n5.2.4 Environment conditions
5.2.5 Terrain and landform
5.2.6 Measurement of soil parameters
5.2.7 Geological exploration
5.2.8 Topographical map
5.2.9 Values selected during design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5.3 Earth electrode and associated components
5.3.1 General principles for material selection
5.3.2 Selection of feeding rods and characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.3.3 Chemical and physical properties of petroleum coke
5.3.4 Current-guiding system
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Composition of iron-silicon alloy electrode
Table 2 \u2013 Chemical composition of the coke after calcination
Table 3 \u2013 Physical properties of petroleum coke used for earth electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5.3.5 Bus
5.3.6 Electrode line monitoring device
5.4 Electrode arrangement
5.4.1 General principles
5.4.2 Filling coke
5.4.3 Selection of earth electrode shape
Figures
Figure 1 \u2013 Electrode cross-section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5.4.4 Earth electrode corridor (right of way)
5.4.5 Distance between sub-electrodes in the arrangement
5.4.6 Burial depth of the earth electrodes
Figure 2 \u2013 Vertical arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.4.7 Segmentation of earth electrodes
5.5 Minimum size of earth electrode
5.5.1 General principles
5.5.2 Total earth electrode length
5.5.3 Side length of coke section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.5.4 Diameter of feeding rods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n5.6 Current guiding system
5.6.1 General principles
5.6.2 Placement of the current-guiding wire
5.6.3 Connection of current-guiding wire
Figure 3 \u2013 Placement of the current-guiding wire
Table 4 \u2013 Electric corrosion characteristics of different materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n5.6.4 Selection of current-guiding wire cross-section
5.6.5 Insulation of the current-guiding wire
5.6.6 Disconnecting switch
5.6.7 Connection of the feeding cable <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n5.6.8 Connection of jumper cables
5.6.9 Selection of cable structure
5.6.10 Selection of cable cross-section
5.6.11 Selection of cable insulation
Figure 4 \u2013 Feeding cable <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n5.6.12 Cable welding position
5.6.13 Welding
5.6.14 Mechanical protection for cable
5.7 Auxiliary facilities
5.7.1 Online monitoring
5.7.2 Soil treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n5.7.3 Exhaust equipment
5.7.4 Fence
5.7.5 Marker
6 Design of sea electrode station and shore electrode station
6.1 Main technical parameters
6.1.1 Temperature rise
6.1.2 Earthing resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n6.1.3 Step voltage
Figure 5 \u2013 Resistivity layers with sea or shore electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n6.1.4 Touch voltage
6.1.5 Voltage gradient in water
6.1.6 Current density
6.2 Electrode site selection and parameter measurement
6.2.1 General principles
6.2.2 Data collection survey
6.2.3 Distance from converter station (substation) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6.2.4 Environment conditions
6.2.5 Measurement of soil parameters
6.3 Earth electrode and associated components
6.3.1 General principles for material selection
6.3.2 Common feeding rods and characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n6.3.3 Chemical properties of petroleum coke
6.3.4 Current-guiding system
6.3.5 Bus
6.3.6 Electrode line monitoring device
6.4 Electrode arrangement
6.4.1 General principles
6.4.2 Filling coke
6.4.3 Selection of earth electrode shape
Figure 6 \u2013 Sea electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.4.4 Segmentation of earth electrodes
6.5 Current-guiding system
6.5.1 Placement of the current-guiding wire
6.5.2 Connection of current-guiding system
Figure 7 \u2013 Sea bottom electrode with titanium nets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n6.5.3 Selection of cable cross-section
6.5.4 Insulation of the current-guiding system
6.5.5 Selection of cable structure
6.5.6 Mechanical protection for cable
6.6 Auxiliary facilities
Figure 8 \u2013 Titanium net <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7 Impact on surrounding facilities and mitigation measures
7.1 Impact on insulated metallic structures and mitigation measures
7.1.1 General principles
7.1.2 Relevant limits
7.1.3 Mitigation measures
7.2 Impact on bare metallic structures
7.2.1 General principles
7.2.2 Relevant limits
7.2.3 Mitigation measures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.3 Impact on the power system (power transformer, grounding network, and surrounding towers)
7.3.1 General principles
7.3.2 Relevant limits
7.3.3 Mitigation measures
7.4 Impact on electrified railway
Figure 9 \u2013 Impact of earth electrodes on a.c. systems (transformer, grounding network, tower) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n7.5 Other facilities (such as greenhouses and water pipes) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0A (informative)Basic concepts of earth electrodes
Figure A.1 \u2013 HVDC power transmission system structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure A.2 \u2013 Schematic diagram of the structure of a monopolar earth (sea water) return system
Figure A.3 \u2013 Schematic diagram of the structure of monopolar metallic return system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFigure A.4 \u2013 Schematic diagram of the structure of bipolar neutral grounded at both ends
Figure A.5 \u2013 Schematic diagram of the structure of bipolar neutral grounded at one end <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigure A.6 \u2013 Schematic diagram of the structure of bipolar neutral line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure A.7 \u2013 Schematic diagram of touch voltage and step voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure A.8 \u2013 Schematic diagram of single circular earth electrode
Figure A.9 \u2013 Axial distribution of step voltage of single circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure A.10 \u2013 3-D distribution of step voltage of single circular earth electrode
Figure A.11 \u2013 Schematic diagram of double circular earth electrode
Figure A.12 \u2013 Axial distribution of step voltage of double circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nFigure A.13 \u2013 3-D distribution of step voltage of double circular earth electrode
Figure A.14 \u2013 Schematic diagram of triple circular earth electrode
Figure A.15 \u2013 Axial distribution of step voltage of triple circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nFigure A.16 \u2013 3-D distribution of step voltage of triple circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0B (informative)Soil parameter measurement method
Table B.1 \u2013 Soil (rock) resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nTable B.2 \u2013 Soil thermal capacity
Table B.3 \u2013 Soil thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nFigure B.1 \u2013 Equivalent circuit of Wenner method
Figure B.2 \u2013 Equivalent circuit of Schlumberger method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nFigure B.3 \u2013 Equivalent circuit of dipole-dipole method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nTable B.4 \u2013 Number of measurement points with different pole distances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0C (informative)Electrode line design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0D (informative)Assessment of measurement method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0E (informative)Earth electrode electrical parameter calculation method
Figure E.1 \u2013 \uf070 shape equivalent circuit of an individual earth electrode unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nFigure E.2 \u2013 Ohm\u2019s Law applied to cylinder conductor
Figure E.3 \u2013 Continuity of axial component of the electric field in the soil and in the conductor
Figure E.4 \u2013 Spatial division of the earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nFigure E.5 \u2013 Network for solving axis current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nFigure E.6 \u2013 Horizontally layered soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nFigure E.7 \u2013 Geometrical structure of a tetrahedron unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nFigure E.8 \u2013 Structure of a double-circle d.c. earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nFigure E.9 \u2013 Ground potential and step voltage distribution of a double-circle earth electrode
Table E.1 \u2013 Model of soil with two layers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0F (informative)Thermal time constant
Figure F.1 \u2013 Earth electrode temperature rise characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0G (informative)Schematic diagram of online monitoring system
Figure G.1 \u2013 Schematic diagram of earth electrode online monitoring system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0H (informative)Calculation method for corrosion of nearbymetal structures caused by earth electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure H.1 \u2013 Calculation of current flowing through a metal pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0I (informative)Calculation method for d.c. current flowing througha.c. transformer neutral near earth electrodes
Figure I.1 \u2013 Schematic diagram of ground resistance network and underground voltage source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nFigure I.2 \u2013 Circuit model for the analysis of d.c. distribution of a.c. systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0J (informative)Chemical aspects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nAnnex\u00a0K (informative)Simple introduction of shore electrodes
Figure K.1 \u2013 Top view of shore electrode, beach type
Figure K.2 \u2013 Shore electrode, pond type <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links. General guidelines<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":417110,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[547,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-417103","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-99","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/417103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/417110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=417103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=417103"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=417103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}