{"id":418085,"date":"2024-10-20T06:19:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-623442022-2023\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T11:47:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T11:47:31","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-ts-623442022-2023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-623442022-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC TS 62344:2022 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nBlank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4 System conditions
4.1 General principles
4.2 System parameters related to earth electrode design
4.2.1 Amplitude and duration of the current
4.2.2 Polarity
4.2.3 Designed lifespan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n4.2.4 Common earth electrodes
5 Design of land electrode stations
5.1 Main technical parameters
5.1.1 General principles
5.1.2 Temperature rise
5.1.3 Earthing resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n5.1.4 Step voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5.1.5 Touch voltage
5.1.6 Current density
5.1.7 Field intensity in fish ponds
5.2 Electrode site selection and parameter measurement
5.2.1 General principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.2.2 Data collection survey
5.2.3 Distance from converter station (substation)
5.2.4 Environment conditions, terrain and landform
5.2.5 Geophysical and geological surveys
5.2.6 Topographical map
5.2.7 Values selected during design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5.3 Earth electrode and associated components
5.3.1 General principles for material selection
5.3.2 Selection of electrode elements and characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5.3.3 Chemical and physical properties of petroleum coke
5.3.4 Current-guiding system
5.3.5 Bus
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Composition of iron-silicon alloy electrode
Table 2 \u2013 Chemical composition of the petroleum coke after calcination
Table 3 \u2013 Physical properties of petroleum coke used for earth electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.3.6 Electrode line and its monitoring device
5.4 Electrode arrangement
5.4.1 General principles
5.4.2 Filling coke
5.4.3 Selection of earth electrode shape
Figures
Figure 1 \u2013 Electrode cross-section <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.4.4 Earth electrode corridor (right of way)
5.4.5 Distance between sub-electrodes in the arrangement
5.4.6 Burial depth of the earth electrodes
Figure 2 \u2013 Vertical arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n5.4.7 Segmentation of earth electrodes
5.5 Minimum size of earth electrode
5.5.1 General principles
5.5.2 Total earth electrode length
5.5.3 Area of the surface of the coke-soil interface <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n5.5.4 Diameter of electrode elements
5.6 Current guiding system
5.6.1 General principles
5.6.2 Placement of the current-guiding wire
Table 4 \u2013 Electric corrosion characteristics of different materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n5.6.3 Connection of current-guiding wire
5.6.4 Selection of current-guiding wire cross-section
5.6.5 Insulation of the current-guiding wire
5.6.6 Disconnecting switch
Figure 3 \u2013 Placement of the current-guiding wire <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n5.6.7 Connection of the feeding cable
5.6.8 Connection of jumper cables
5.6.9 Selection of cable structure
5.6.10 Selection of cable cross-section
Figure 4 \u2013 Feeding cable <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n5.6.11 Selection of cable insulation
5.6.12 Cable welding position
5.6.13 Welding
5.6.14 Mechanical protection for cable
5.7 Auxiliary facilities
5.7.1 Online monitoring
5.7.2 Moisture replenishment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n5.7.3 Exhaust equipment
5.7.4 Fence
5.7.5 Marker
6 Design of sea electrode station and shore electrode station
6.1 Main technical parameters
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Temperature rise
6.1.3 Earthing resistance
6.1.4 Step voltage
6.1.5 Touch voltage
6.1.6 Voltage gradient in water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n6.1.7 Current density
6.2 Electrode site selection and parameter measurement
6.2.1 General principles
6.2.2 Data collection survey
6.2.3 Distance from converter station (substation)
6.2.4 Environment conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6.2.5 Measurement of ground\/water parameters
6.3 Earth electrode and associated components
6.3.1 General principles for material selection
6.3.2 Common electrode elements and characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n6.3.3 Chemical properties of petroleum coke
6.3.4 Current-guiding system
6.3.5 Bus
6.3.6 Electrode line monitoring device
6.4 Electrode arrangement
6.4.1 General principles
6.4.2 Filling coke
6.4.3 Selection of earth electrode shape
Figure 5 \u2013 Sea electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.4.4 Segmentation of earth electrodes
6.5 Current-guiding system
6.5.1 Placement of the current-guiding wire
6.5.2 Connection of current-guiding system
Figure 6 \u2013 Sea bottom electrode with titanium nets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n6.5.3 Selection of cable cross-section
6.5.4 Insulation of the current-guiding system
6.5.5 Selection of cable structure
6.5.6 Mechanical protection for cable
6.6 Auxiliary facilities
7 Impact on surrounding facilities and mitigation measures
7.1 Impact on insulated metallic structures and mitigation measures
7.1.1 General principles
Figure 7 \u2013 Titanium net <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7.1.2 Relevant limits
7.1.3 Mitigation measures
7.2 Impact on bare metallic structures
7.2.1 General principles
7.2.2 Relevant limits
7.2.3 Mitigation measures
7.3 Impact on the power system (power transformer, grounding network, and surrounding towers)
7.3.1 General principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.3.2 Relevant limits
7.3.3 Mitigation measures
7.4 Impact on electrified railway
7.5 Other facilities (such as greenhouses and water pipes)
Figure 8 \u2013 Impact of earth electrodes on AC systems (transformer, grounding network, tower) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nAnnexes
Annex A (informative) Basic concepts of earth electrodes
A.1 Basic concepts
A.2 Operation mode
A.2.1 General
A.2.2 Monopolar system
Figure A.1 \u2013 HVDC power transmission system structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nA.2.3 Bipolar system
Figure A.2 \u2013 Schematic diagram of monopolar earth\/sea water return system
Figure A.3 \u2013 Schematic diagram of monopolar dedicated metallic return system
Figure A.4 \u2013 Schematic diagram of bipolar earth\/sea water system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure A.5 \u2013 Schematic diagram of rigid bipolar system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nA.2.4 Symmetric unbalanced system
A.2.5 Back-to-back converter station
A.3 Dangerous impact and accumulated impact
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Safety risks of DC earth electrode
Figure A.6 \u2013 Schematic diagram of bipolar dedicated metallic return system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFigure A.7 \u2013 Schematic diagram of touch voltage and step voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nFigure A.8 \u2013 Schematic diagram of single circular earth electrode
Figure A.9 \u2013 Axial distribution of step voltage of single circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nFigure A.10 \u2013 3-D distribution of step voltage of single circular earth electrode
Figure A.11 \u2013 Schematic diagram of double circular earth electrode
Figure A.12 \u2013 Axial distribution of step voltage of double circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure A.13 \u2013 3-D distribution of step voltage of double circular earth electrode
Figure A.14 \u2013 Schematic diagram of triple circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nA.3.3 Accumulated effect of DC earth electrodes
Figure A.15 \u2013 Axial distribution of step voltage of triple circular earth electrode
Figure A.16 \u2013 3-D distribution of step voltage of triple circular earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nA.4 Impact on an AC grid
A.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nA.4.2 DC current path to AC system
A.4.3 DC magnetic bias of AC transformer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Earth electrode design process
B.1 Site selection process
Figure B.1 \u2013 Flow chart of earth electrode site selection process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nB.2 Earth electrode design process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nFigure B.2 \u2013 Flow chart of earth electrode process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Test results of human body resistance
C.1 Basic information of test subjects
Figure C.1 \u2013 Age distribution of test samples
Figure C.2 \u2013 Height distribution of test samples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nC.2 Test method
C.3 Test results
Figure C.3 \u2013 Weight distribution of test samples
Figure C.4 \u2013 Schematic diagram of test circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nFigure C.5 \u2013 Histogram of foot-to-foot human body resistance distribution
Table C.1 \u2013 Statistical test results (foot-to-foot body resistance) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nFigure C.6 \u2013 Cumulative probability distribution of foot-to-foot body resistance by occupation
Table C.2 \u2013 Cumulative probability distribution of foot-to-foot human body resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Soil parameter measurement method
D.1 General requirements
Table D.1 \u2013 Soil (rock) \/ Water resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nD.2 Measurement of resistivity of shallow ground
D.2.1 Measurement method of resistivity
Table D.2 \u2013 Soil volume thermal capacity
Table D.3 \u2013 Soil thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nFigure D.1 \u2013 Equivalent circuit of Wenner method
Figure D.2 \u2013 Equivalent circuit of Schlumberger method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nD.2.2 Measurement requirements
Figure D.3 \u2013 Equivalent circuit of dipole-dipole method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nD.2.3 Measurement range
D.2.4 Data accuracy
D.2.5 Seasonal coefficient
D.2.6 Processing of measurement data
D.3 Measurement of resistivity of deep soil (MT method)
Table D.4 \u2013 Number of measurement points with different potential probes spacing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nD.4 Measurement of soil volume thermal capacity
D.5 Measurement of soil thermal conductivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nD.6 Measurement of maximum natural temperature of soil
D.7 Measurement of soil moisture and groundwater table
D.8 Measurement of soil chemical characteristics
D.9 Geological exploration
D.10 Topographical map <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Electrode line design
E.1 Overview
E.2 Main design principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nE.3 Selection and layout of conductor and earth wire
E.3.1 Selection of conductor
E.3.2 Selection of earth wire
E.3.3 Layout of conductor and earth wire
E.4 Insulation coordination and earthing for lightning protection
E.4.1 Type and number of insulators
E.4.2 Arcing horn gap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nE.4.3 Earthing for lightning protection
E.5 Other considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative) Assessment of measurement method
F.1 General guidance
F.2 Experiment (testing) items
F.2.1 Visual inspection of the earth electrode
F.2.2 Current guiding system current distribution measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nF.2.3 Measurement of earthing resistance
F.2.4 Measurement of step voltage on the ground and potential gradient in water near the earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nF.2.5 Measurement of touch voltage
F.2.6 Measurement of soil surface potential profile <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nF.2.7 Measurement of earth electrode temperature rise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative) Earth electrode electrical parameter calculation method
G.1 General
G.2 Network method calculation model for DC earth electrode
G.3 Moment method calculation model for DC earth electrodes
Figure G.1 \u2013 \u03c0 shape equivalent circuit of an individual earth electrode unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nFigure G.2 \u2013 Ohm\u2019s law applied to cylinder conductor
Figure G.3 \u2013 Continuity of axial component of the electric field in the soil and in the conductor
Figure G.4 \u2013 Spatial division of the earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nFigure G.5 \u2013 Network for solving axis current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nFigure G.6 \u2013 Horizontally layered soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nG.4 Finite element method calculation model for DC earth electrodes
Figure G.7 \u2013 Geometrical structure of a tetrahedron unit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nG.5 Calculation of earthing resistance, step voltage, touch voltage, electric field intensity and current density
G.5.1 General
G.5.2 Calculation of earthing resistance
G.5.3 Calculation of step voltage
G.5.4 Calculation of touch voltage
G.5.5 Calculation of electric field intensity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nG.5.6 Calculation of current density
G.6 Application description
G.6.1 Original parameters
G.6.2 Example using the moment method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nFigure G.8 \u2013 Structure of a double-circle DC earth electrode
Table G.1 \u2013 Model of soil with two layers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure G.9 \u2013 Ground potential and step voltage distribution of a double-circle earth electrode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nAnnex H (informative) Thermal time constant
Figure H.1 \u2013 Earth electrode temperature rise characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nAnnex I (informative) Online monitoring system
I.1 Schematic diagram of online monitoring system
I.2 Composition of online monitoring system
Figure I.1 \u2013 Schematic diagram of earth electrode online monitoring system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nAnnex J (informative) Calculation method for corrosion of nearby metal structures caused by earth electrodes
J.1 Consumption of metal structure due to corrosion
J.2 Estimate of leakage current in metal pipes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nJ.3 Calculation of the leakage current of the metal pipe
Figure J.1 \u2013 Calculation of current flowing through a metal pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nAnnex K (informative) Calculation method for DC current flowing through AC transformer neutral near earth electrodes
Figure K.1 \u2013 Schematic diagram of ground resistance network and underground voltage source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nFigure K.2 \u2013 Circuit model for the analysis of DC distribution of AC systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nAnnex L (informative) Chemical processes in sea electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nAnnex M (informative) Simple introduction of shore electrodes
M.1 General
M.2 Beach electrodes
M.3 Pond electrodes
Figure M.1 \u2013 Top view of shore electrode, beach type
Figure M.2 \u2013 Shore electrode, pond type <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Design of earth electrode stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links. General guidelines<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2023<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":418094,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[547,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-418085","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-29-240-99","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/418085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/418094"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=418085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=418085"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=418085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}