API PUBL 4631-1995

$27.95

Petroleum Contaminated Low Permeability Soil: Hydrocarbon Distribution Processes, Exposure Pathways and In Situ Remediation Technologies

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1995	299

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Description

Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites having silty or clayey soils poses special technical challenges to site managers because such low permeability soils typically resist remediation with conventional technologies. Recognizing the limited information available to field practitioners charged with evaluating remediation options for low permeability soil, API initiated a multi-year program to consolidate information on the topic and conduct research on technologies that show promise for removing, or enhancing the removal, of contaminants in thismedia. The goal is to increase our understanding of the need and ability to remediate such soils in-situ. This report presents a set of ten papers focusing on light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) in low permeability soils. Collectively, the papers address four key topics: (1) processes affecting the migration and removal of LNAPLs; (2) exposure potential posed by clay soil hydrocarbons via a soil, groundwater or air pathway; (3) available models for predicting LNAPL removal and (4) techniques presently available to remediate or enhance remediation. Each ofthe techniques discussed are capable of facilitating removal of hydrocarbons from low permeability soil. However, it is important to evaluate the degree to which human exposure can be further reduced given the effort and cost associated with applying these remediation approaches.

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