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BSI PD IEC TR 61577-5:2019

BSI PD IEC TR 61577-5:2019

$198.66

Radiation protection instrumentation. Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments – General properties of radon and radon decay products and their measurement methods

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2019 60
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This part of IEC 61577 provides basic data and technical information in order to support the design of instruments and their practical application for the measurement. The document covers 222Rn as well as 220Rn and the short-lived decay products of both. It is an accompanying document for the application of the technical standards series IEC 61577, and provides physical and technical fundamentals of the measurements methods. For more information, reference is made to the Bibliography.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
10 3 Symbols, quantities and units
3.1 Symbols
11 3.2 Quantities and units
4 Radon in the environment
4.1 Origin, genesis and decay
12 4.2 Radon in the rocks and soils and its transport towards the atmosphere
13 4.3 Radon concentration in the outdoor air
4.4 Radon concentration in houses and at workplaces
14 5 Radon decay products in the atmosphere
5.1 Physical processes of decay products in gaseous media
Figures
Figure 1 – Diurnal variations of the radon activity concentration in the cellar, 1st and 2nd floor of a detached house measured over 12 days
15 5.2 Aerosol characteristics and ventilation
16 6 Physical and chemical properties of radon and radon decay products
6.1 Physical and chemical properties
6.2 Solubility of radon in liquids
17 6.3 Radiological properties and radioactive equilibrium
18 Figure 2 – Decay of 222Rn after injection of 1 000 Bq at the start time and generation of decay products
Figure 3 – Decay of 220Rn (Thoron) after injection of 1 000 Bq at the start time and generation of decay products
Figure 4 – Activity build-up of 222Rn and its decay products for a continuous supply of 222Rn with a rate of 1 Bq/s (in the absence of initial activities)
Figure 5 – Activity build-up of 220Rn (Thoron) and its decay products for a continuous supply of 220Rn with a rate of 1 Bq/s (in the absence of initial activities)
19 6.4 Interaction of alpha particles with matter and energy deposition
Figure 6 – Total stopping power of alpha particles penetrating different materials, the graphs use data from [38]
20 7 Measurement of 222Rn and 220Rn and their decay products
7.1 Relevant measurement quantities and units
7.1.1 Activity concentration (C)
7.1.2 Equilibrium equivalent activity concentration (EEC, Ceq)
21 7.1.3 Equilibrium factor (F)
7.1.4 Exposure to radon (PRn)
Tables
Table 1 – Coefficients for the calculation of the equilibrium equivalent concentration from measured activity concentrations of radon progeny
22 7.1.5 Potential alpha energy (εp)
7.1.6 Potential alpha energy concentration (Cp)
23 Table 2 – Potential alpha energy per atom for 222Rn progeny including standard uncertainty
Table 3 – Potential alpha energy per atom for 220Rn progeny including standard uncertainty
24 7.1.7 Potential alpha energy exposure (Pp)
7.1.8 The unattached and attached fraction of potential alpha energy concentration
7.2 Instruments measuring airborne radon activity concentration
25 7.3 Measurement of radon decay products
7.3.1 General overview of instruments
26 7.3.2 Sampling of the unattached radon decay products
Figure 7 – Contributions of the deposition processes to the total efficiency (calculated exemplarily for a wire screen)
Figure 8 – Variation of deposition efficiency of a wire screen in dependence on air flow velocity (calculated exemplarily for a wire screen)
27 7.3.3 Counting methods for the measurement of the activity concentrations and the potential alpha-energy concentration
28 Table 4 – Time scheme for the method of Thomas [57]
29 Figure 9 – Measurement error of the method of MARKOV given in percent for different ratios of decay products in the air sampled
Table 5 – Time scheme for the method of MARKOV [63]
30 Figure 10 – Method of multiple successive countings
32 8 Quality assurance
8.1 Definition and purpose
33 8.2 Quality control
8.3 Validation and traceability of measurements
8.3.1 Validation of methods
8.3.2 Type test of radon instruments
8.3.3 Interlaboratory comparison
34 8.3.4 Measurement traceability and calibration
9 Determination of the measurement uncertainty, detection threshold, detection limit
9.1 General
35 9.2 Procedure for the determination
37 Annex A (informative)Tables and figures
Figure A.1 – Sampling and measurement procedures commonly used for radon instruments
Figure A.2 – Sampling and measurement procedures commonly used for radon progeny instruments
38 Table A.1 – Physical and chemical characteristics [29]
Table A.2 – 226Ra, 222Rn and radionuclides of the 222Rn decay chain [37]
39 Table A.3 – 224Ra, 220Rn and radionuclides of the 220Rn decay chain [37]
Table A.4 – CSDA-Range of alpha particles emitted by Radon-222 and Radon-220 decay products in different materials [38]
40 Table A.5 – Solubility of radon in organic components [31]
Table A.6 – Diffusion coefficients and diffusion lengths for radon in different materials [79]
42 Annex B (informative)Radioactive decay formulae
B.1 General
B.2 Symbols
B.3 Preliminary considerations and assumptions
43 B.4 Build-up of filter activity during sampling
45 B.5 Decay of the filter activity after cessation of sampling
46 B.6 Number of alpha disintegrations registered after sampling
Figure B.1 – Scheme for sampling and counting
48 Annex C (informative)Uncertainty analysis for the method of multiple successive countings to determine the activity concentrations of radon and thoron decay products
C.1 Symbols
C.2 Uncertainties of the parameter of the model function
52 C.3 Decision threshold
53 C.4 Detection limit
C.5 Confidence limits
54 C.6 Best estimate and its uncertainty
55 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 61577-5:2019
$198.66